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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V g2-se hhgl -e l9 bhf8: nmb:x*u:p8xibraph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there i-sdl7xe + 2ged::kn wds no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamingm( th,-guaa9w l;p lp.2 2gwcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its originadq8r* 61sa brton-y+s l volume with no change in its temperature. This procesrqr -s 681nbtya+sod* s is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L 7*:zyo- qepic tkg;z) to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expt:ke;*7pgcy z zio q)-ended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vi3.x jin.a+nk olume during an isothermal prnjxia.n 3+.kiocess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 Lq xat:6qi;z )z to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas.;:tz6xzqqia ) Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, th.( 2*ccybd +p9*dg5zkelje w svz5c n3e gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This(jzc 3d+szvd eync bg9.k55e*pw c*l 2 process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynana59y -1e fsbo 0n)a7qabx9vxmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orig0 4gca;5riw pbinal volume during an adiabatic process. The final4c ar;bw0pi5 g pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identie;m m9(cc mzhxe3ze2/ cal in all respects except that one containsm(x9mzecmce3h z/e ;2 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contix.260qb gl kg7 vea-nfm,e*m ainse 2kbfqenl6,*.7mx-gavg i0m $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagaoxywo0 2m/7 +v hma+hram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric proce d 7f4a69fanxo5vsmq2ss, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicw+ .s 5l mf p,ltldthw,*7*dyhs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is36qdv)4r: dh x-gfnrs added to it. This process is d)x6r drfvq3: 4gs-hn

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a svit:t28w: pxmdzgo7 cc4 l ru,+y6 bm8ample of ideal gas at constant pressure. 7yx,2w8 p 6u:vigr m+o8mcc :bltt4dz As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV ed,a7to +qtaj,w2l 8 idiagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procesq8g34 hemu 4cj*42)dt tf mb b/mkp)gqs, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofrofsyrj1,w:4.l:k s i thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expandmneag b-i q7lc3r:n3hzk ge+)v4j1,h as heat energy is added to it. This proc r4317kv gen 3az q-)bnl ,gi+jhhmec:ess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas a*fx3vdqxot1m 9;/6qdbk4swd t constant volume. As a result, the internal enerx49q;wx3bks1 doqd*6/ mvfdt gy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicr;vt3q9jx :mi s.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold res/pfmk/ (q/e fg)ecv; lervoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from qf hty-v j9:f/a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausim+qp llq6p4c.us.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one pkw r *d p.d*.2qb e3hhk:;y4cwkf;s fcycle, how much work is done by an engine operating q ;d*wd2kp ;.kpkh*h3ybff.s w:rce4on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat enghif d:cd20 +qtp :pngg:2mp(u/cik) dine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a 61/wfa9 0* kx37q4wklv oo rdlz(gc26z xc vyyCarnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must be 2fz(zr lkwkcxd*6x4q / cov3l wa6y09v7og1y

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiewp) 9bt:it0,e91l )w u gdepjsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thershlor11(n y8x modynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) y 9itqk ae ohp*hei6y/:7*6qlof a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of*/9ae6 pq qtly67eoh:ik* ihy

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the r2qc ojqxko9(/nk8v w2/elk 0h/g9 eh ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of theuhe rbpw,b20lvrf4 ay*7 3,rh water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, c;v )fx *p;kigfor any process that may occur within an isolated system, which fv;ci*g x );pkone of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodyna r)p3 in2cmrgwyhj 8(7mics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodl d c,ew pz .5m b:3+etotk8-*iila6ypynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an tapgbea 64o8a at4y.;n0x au9ideal gas. What is the change i .gaa4ye6bxt 980oaaa4 t;u pnn internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0cnj w-2 -46dvat mo:mcn3nx-a J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the4wxn cnt nv-ca-2damj3mo-6 : work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal proces--ahwgqpi .,xf x2ai0s is -400 J. What is the chag w,fa0ix.x- pq2h-ia nge in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticoggttf 9mk0c :ui77oyu )f98xally. What is the change in internalgu9 yck7) f:o078tu 9mg iotfx energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic ps4 6yzcbww ivc4 b2nik t ck4.x92s-v*rocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal by*4 ivcsw 42xcztcw6k9bvs i-2 4 .knenergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system de +vetz8o8ft.gcreases by 50 J. What is 8gt8t+vz.foe the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre4www9cly .f8z( nas )aases by 50 J. What is the heat excfs cal8) 49. wway(zwnhange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maint6v8 d.,-wc ra 9ntv xfn;pr:ueb1*ur pained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the nf-pt9;,:vdv u r1 c*ebrux8 .w6rn pagas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50u v73t0p/cowg *t0ylt K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are i0 ctvl t*u0 /3o7pwtgyn the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wanzh9*bi)kc a(r.vc +s:kuvr - ter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat an pdey7)5w tkwov8y w.o 8g7my7d loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the eff7yyww)toeo v. pwm58k g8dy77iciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J 6bz3a d lsrb.yk48d4mof heat per cycle. Hodm.y3r8za 4lk4b dsb6w much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150;ac7 z7w eiu3i J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclei7wzecu7i; a 3?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyqv i vr1,en79tcle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyce17r iv9v,tqn le.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbi0a3kk(olo*fqd *3cs s 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyo3 lf03ksd coak*q (i*cle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engil2:4xlqv tka,tl/vc/ nes built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber2lvvx :lacq//t4,tk l temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far hajudl*pdj:7 (s nex) sbmk6v6 )s the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = *j6dk) usn)6: vbxljp( m7eds$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterist6cnap ur- +e/jics: comb / +jrau-enc6pustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow8. w+fy)fjtcicj/k ,z er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generate;qvu6 dx .ma:hie5q.hs 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6000 kx,u*nkp d* bcv)py. MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of wn9ihy w/,rwp,a ag: r 3/xmv3an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engi)jlmhh o 8/e:pne operating betwee/m )leo8 p:hhjn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot ano : x.rw(1) 0 x8xllxalor;pengine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the l1nxxla(x0ax:.8o r;ol r wp )temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bee9ac 13 +vyoikveo; n-tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fr2 :qee0bzaty 9xat( kom;mu .i)c7 z6oom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muc):xbkq7;0 i 9ety.ocmzamu6(e2toza h work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from th-kdpvt- q8v2 bpf1m(zl* fq8we freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of pf8l td vwp-*b 1q28v-mq pf(zkerformance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator ayt9. 0.vp okqybsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 Jtp.oky9y v q0. of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy +ch4 a1g enggb/l w h1m-*zlo4when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, st*e+v1 a* hhlfe 54kejyf.l(the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and i(08vj u.l1d y8oii6fqp (frycts entropyc(r l8vo68i. uy (fj y0f1dpqi changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 2ei y47nx sml+$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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