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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on td w);3wm2xcarhe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change iu.g(z 9)xagpy n

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamictfze28 u:*91ygllh ay s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in il1vfwnz 3 fcyj:(/t-b ts temperature. Tyfw 1fjt(n vc/l:b-z 3his process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isotpza7l)::ph4yjysb05e-8bs q )i ikox2e *eaqhermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanismib xi keyqz0op )s) 5bqa4paejl2-: 8hye:s *7 that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its of;p /+ow1 zrrbriginal volume during an isothermal proces/ +fpowz1; brrs. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from iyqenh)g 0/hh6byt juo63 9m3n) en,n20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the6bt yeemng )oi hh 9q36n0 )uyjh,/nn3 gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the even*fme5pa7is ss -fg m;j8q8*bjt, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundinf*-*p7 si m8fs je jm8sbq;ag5gs. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther u;;(q* h 8-setwinypvmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during ahx u9, k6)m fnosr4e9*z mjhf i3g1d/kvoo0n;n adiabatic process.)nj i;f 6 hozdo1x0 uvnemosf9k /9,r3*4kmhg The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of g*ogzi kwi.y/ 0as identical in all respects except that one contains*.gykw/ioiz 0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conttye c- l3/rtm b15ic1b, rm9sgains c1tiy l ,rb/-1 remg5tbmcs39 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the yx r1txn *5-fdPV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is c4zm9 23acnccy ) f9apno change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodvv;4 c 7tntv*+.o; tp+ inlzeuynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expab w7bs,3z sa43 jc-bzznd at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process isba3,szcbzz3sbw 7- j4

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sam*uetm.c v0ha +ple of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the in c*mu e0thav+.ternal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV fcs-h,ho8yi q:/ j iu1diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procesuj oaw6 exg/ ,z-2ob2hs, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyiadp : pgut9((namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot evboayf:cseiggc:k ;3 n;,;; expand as heat energy is added t e:b;,a3 vesoyngg;i c;f:k;co it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfc2-bfq,d 31dh8 ao2avadq3 fxerred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ofq,3x 21q 28f3 a-acbfdvdod ha the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicm7d .u hlc.wundrvy5-1/fdr +s.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservo;kb7f q ::vu4vhpfnc/ir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trse8wdd:v8aur a,qxous0 xe:7/1 0v c tansfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausz/zdy +n 7/ezsius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustse xr 9j2 9mu grfywgu9.it,40rated here. During one cycle, how much work is .,2w99 rsijxe g u9uft m4r0gydone by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a*f83z uk drsl5k4gre5 kqf f-)s the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be*oe ;r d:elw.b 100%, the heat sink mus*rbd;ee. l:o wt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiw e-vu+ xe5l0rsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynu9k)mep9yw 08trn3q5 og ay2/j bxup1amics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator isrpa-*n8a3czggz5 g0 ocd .eh 3 defined as the ratio o.hgag o8zng5z c- *3r 0dpac3ef

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined r0q d4uemdgjdo9wyt ; 3y 3edk*p*p1. as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the qbpz;0b*pyep )9mypc5 2 1ykawater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proce/ vcp3bm/cizy+y8fjh 99nbr w*x/d: hss that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appliebv/ncfhr/ 93+xh*wyd: zm/8pc iy9jbs?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicr 98,subo6 6/pa60*lja ;k tlkybrqess.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concludc/4 xa76n5lh j /7vkhn.ktkfgt ln(5ye that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal p .y eoqd4nbx*f7 ym7-m,snr +kh.ij 1irocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in inte*x .7nse 1yi mbfdhmjk7o,+qr4.ni y-rnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas.1-zon0z7hfwp i/ sj;t2ce nl0 What is the work done in t70t2 c1s;n/pow hijzz0 nel-fhe process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an idq*uwj+ mv*e kh)8*t pbeal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energ*kvpemq8tb+ w)*j u*hy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabs /az7v.w:vp4nul9nycnq. 2wo7nv)u atically. What is the change in internc/nn2zqs:pay9.4.n uo7v l v n)w7vwual energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabaticgm,q7y-9kou/h cv , 7a rx +qqmmt/;em process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in ic/mtk q 7yx+h guam -mv/;r7eomqq9 ,,nternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre:nbkan rsk. )/sr4.v5jm 4ohpases by 50 J. What is the workjma4.nsv 5n/4.)bksrhp :kro done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jzd5,wtg;2n ylqqv2q;2i /oy z. What is the hevty,q 2lognw;z/5qziq; y d22at exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas nx+iu2 v f3+j+ eb/zjy5nyfl 6is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done i2+j3yj6l yuv/z fxfnb+5+ neby the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy +.j uycl7l q,h6 aa/hiis removed from it. How many moles hi, cy+7.aha/6llujqof gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of4 3v n(bhmx:rdbw9kb* water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J.rpgrbnd+ ( h; in each cycle. What is the en; grh.drp b+(fficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cyclbe20e9ohn2i ds0r 4:kvvpfz*zm 7j. ee. How much work does it perform9h:2p esv mr 2nb zdk 47ef0*0.jvozie in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. y 2tt 2ean4*yq How much heat does it 2t2n*4eqyy at exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcufam0(/r d 3qetfebnp 1/epr 02late the efficiency of each (3p //fn20dprtr0a mf qeebe1cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcagzxgwq izat-ter )rd428 57 i,oai*h:l of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each c-8ioxe*gr iw4 i :a dg72qhr)t,z5zt aycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thefynopx6y*pw 0n,, ebt 4n*u7i following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur ,4p6yy* ipfue*nx07n nbto,we = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici9; *b;x.( vikwg h6cfa.m) aukrbzh.vent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion.9bia v;u6)xzwv (c;. mkf *gbkhrah. chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so f f.o0e o sbaa,;.i towb;8nzwe9. .ugtar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaeeo .;;.i8aub.fow, wsob nt t0gz.a9ture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 j;a(:8,b2x)ag v.gh h srwdab MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usesiq)zrv i ;0bt,b ,g emd7-6vre $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elecpbc;(35+sd4 j phu xpztric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operah1e hqijbj6f5ug1m)6(y2nrsc jy */t tes between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical eff06i p,yg c h)qym7m)er:sx 0cniciency possible for an engine operating betweegs06y rx, n)c7 cyme:hp0qim)n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the z t78pubxa*(3pcj i; b2 +tvtxcoldtxbb;cz v3ti7 8pap+ ju*2(tx reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operati b zwyyi9in8 ps8v,-r:rx 6wx7ng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat g jvp6d7nc; ,4;gqmut3mlbv2 from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much luv p4m7mcdgj bv;6n;, gtq23work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat2js bu s8ph,h: from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?bhs:28 ,jup hs

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator abso*c8hm,ha2w4 cgkik2hf l 8c7arbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required i ck8 27m2wik4ac*g8hhc,ha fln each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy whpa5/4y xi ako9en 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrod nnt9,ps)v3 lpy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entm. b1xte *k0ngrop1 ngekt* .xmb0y changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at pce 77 zvkoi -yc.p0b:$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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