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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on *ysynms ;tg) p.kssd*c gxmyu-p )eka 23,j- 1the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there6 rsjt y++d rmv6 2vz9 cfyif)2q9vj2d is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, 7yaqtqdx+(:lj*r*r*zv.zhjy s, e o/ $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperaga 4eg 5xj1k+drr(/gbture. g(15x4r r/k gegba+dj This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 Llc 8g3smgt)z :6g5 cur. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that cogrc5gmtl):sz g8c 6u 3mpressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its1e 6gxrh 3a:zm.zdrb; original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure ozg6z ra 1m redbx;3h:.f the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Duqeia9 8 -,h9h)5eo(+z wvmnmxelo.ohring this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the followinhq- z.9) 5ihw,aee mleh8movo(nox9 +g statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. D yg6q.- pdy8y2nh9kvu 0l2qzvuring the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proq2dy2yulv9gn0 y6hq z-. kp8v cess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn mxv08mt rivwr1:l,tgudw- : .qzx8q6r1 gr3pamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duringugrg z/6 y zp4y-aa-e: an adiabatic process. The final pressure ofzr-ga-/ey y:6zgp4ua the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical i( :n6k )vznm;bda2kt rn all respects except that one contains vm2 (b6nz nt:;r )dakk$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except trf - t3-kwyfx7im3 x4what one containsw3rx-it3x4f -y7 m kwf $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thsr33 naqp c7td;z8)dae PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no* 7rravhfg) -e3.chgf change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn.clxoxvmjp9zj200y(( o-fsc amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is.6kgni(p vq gs mnh).. added to it. This process ihngks gn)iv.mp (.6.q s

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tra augzucqp34 04nsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gasu zqcu43gp a40

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagramz-vk ec0b hw b-p42ni7i 26j- oxzj8gm is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proce ym-9wvh.c4vo ss, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermi bve*/o4h) k)4xe4ve ycvrj/odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat enemicx 2 ab/6a8ym8:ahtrgy is added to it. This pr/m68i m8h:ya c2 xbtaaocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at csuylm3 x(hqt98b gs50 onstant volume. As a result, the inhlx3q 0ty85(usg9 mbsternal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law v ral9,pjt/ 1zmm*1,)g muymwof thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat f 9,div5fpkl )crom a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold re lm3;a nhtvjl6*.a +iqservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordi fpy 4;7vho2qfuyep3)af/ b: hng to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one c) d:nteetw0)cycle, how much work is done by an ):0twtedec n)engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio ojowmrc5 45k6) eix/n,twq,f pf

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat s8:)93-gyydubga08o npvr r i mink must doy98 gv)n3a0 u:imbrr 8gpy- be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists o/s pc 4m0i2*y+1xgks 1rrjv rmf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statem+-6: mhxc ieunent of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as thz aphwn3h f5ee (*-,:dctvr/ de ratio of :zn ad(hefc d3 *evht-5/,prw

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performa/ 2jwla/cqejnkc; 7j9nce (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the o35 x4;ppha-0 x oqdgnwater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second (wtpru0kt5s-w6sg y+8+nvpkf(g8ua) d1 te tlaw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated systuk ( vw+(gd t-+t 1p0e)suktnsp fwt6ag885ryem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermoh9 :-br5-zvc xyd,ya21wgw m v7hce* tdynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads ul.(7 /jhpxgu03bnr b0waah /ps to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. egpzt465w 6be9u pnd , )et p)fvvr;-z What is the change in internal weev);fn4e5p, 9-6 6pbu zprz gtvd)tenergy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fromy 1c3 r7 nl:0xrn+z/ znts(fma an ideal gas. What is the work done in the process 0+as 1 :x3l7tnfz/nmcrn(y zr?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal pz xssmo.kriy(,(kt 73 rocess is -400 J. What is the change in internal energy?krox7ysi,. kz(t( s3m

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically.wv 7*z0)0r4 f+oaiof+fnia wh What is the change in internal energy ofiwow ff7v na4ri0*f h )++azo0 the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25y3f) vns al j-/mzz86b J of work. What is the change in inya bnzj6sm 8-fvz)3l/ternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the intern4hl7-lr b 92,z+v 4qqs8 f1xedxav0lestkj /eal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work+e4f2qv 70/sjlvs4tk b e8, exh91x-qld rzal done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the interna f .wc4md6lg i/08rgkrl energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is fk r8dmcri.6l/ 0wg g4the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas zlgfa+1+ pfcdxmco n yt j+ ,a0:3 7orhuzu.2)is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomp7o+h1c uz0ff3)ux +myrg:. ,ap2 zcd o+atjlnlished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of enecy:ztnwsq e5(q- y)e, rgy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in th :e q-,n()ecyw5qsz tye sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kgke6s2a gaa4hbn* . 4yz of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and u u1ga a v:yrri8i6z.eah4 m--loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effiymu1ra- :i8 6.u gvzria-4heaciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. :wukix 1 2non 97qmpjxgf-2t/z74ec rHow much work does it perfo2:4w z92qirm7tojpxk eu1n /n7cf- gxrm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0ze+j: ugv,q:qn : 5vg-2s+cgcm) neuf% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. e5sz :,-nc+f )cv+euu: ggjqnv:qg2 mHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kn 4dm--lr45qda s./aof zidvb p cy+i-6 0ul,fcal. Calculate the efficiency of dc5,+f--s6i 4 y. qauzmb/d40pi lfaodn r-lv each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and eufm0pyd p//yy-yf ktecs* 7::xhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyceud*: /yf f:p7ky-y0 pytsc/mle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicmi * fh3.e4 b0yqjfx6ws: combustion chamber temperature =bqf6yiw*.j 43 feh0mx $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines0absx +vk1eqn( dd49i built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tema ebkv dd9s1 0(x+4qinperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chara-9lolp ld 7el(cteristics: combustion chamber t9l l(do pe7l-lemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele1 lvu*.kr1+wc8al oplctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant)pa s.dg77ykfy9r u w( uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powe3/ xftlp cr7f67c 7yf+- doarqr. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between 5h q/c n3ru+py$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theor8+r bpg) -zlhsetical efficiency possible for an engine operating betw)lb+r -zg8spheen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the colrymz8uu3gpt 6-9ah2ttod ) h0d reservoir if the temperature z6ry8u da3g- p9mtt uoh0)2thof the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating u+a9 zpm 5)bpx+kx8/ bq th-pnbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rab27uzcal qms(j1/p8l cvov 2-te of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room pe22mpulo zq8(as c -vlbv j/c17r cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes a7hk4 8pf :v0ht erg8zai +3dsheat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Whara+:3hidt4 7ghf8a8k0 pev z st is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J ha qb07s3)2krl z0 .bdf(ek khof heat from the freezer and exahekq3bzhs fkr) 7d l0b0.2(kpels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt at 5t ikp2wv)556 vfxn kms (qfn)$0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the ck,8l y1mx(m; vby) kithange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal e zpw:l:rkzq, 5xpansion and its entropy changes :q:zw,5l rpzk by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at x4oi*8) ojt .hyji8mc$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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