Which of the following is the smallest unit of hohu7ay8 9kh6r1 0 evr9pa,dtr eat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water byn6 )r 7x.wtotml f1lr w:camj)m8 5bm+ $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic 80c3jjxu7t ojenergy of individual molecules is referred to u 30jcoj8tjx7as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Comparevz3yfq3;s) :cc*lmf f+ q wgn4 the temperature T and the intn*3m q)43s+yfc:qc;wvfzgflernal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depend-lv08fh u3f uvs on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until ig gu*k3d5 nhy*m 7f.xzts volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure g* 3 .5gynkhuz*d7 mfxis half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U 55-/ lj6m51wpw hikrces)p tu at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean tempe jg him2.k0u;fl89(gv6 )akjs ilzp+ iratures do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specifi kynjw 4d +hll+39nw8pl4dt(nc heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount n wj3 hypwkd 4d+l4n9nl8t(+lof heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up ofz* sja)tdgb 0k:d s*e7 a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat dssa z07k)e**t bdj:g capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a subst4gzygu:0 -z olance from the solid to the liquid state is ref:oy-ggz z0l4uerred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is y 3tjx 6vt4u+52to c 0yy)f +emkn3ecereferred to as t5 )m0evt xtyeku3t yn 6j+3fc4y 2eoc+he

  If heat is added to a pure substance atm0: ox .fp7be-y7m m,o gbm8st a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezeg /v xz/g:ymo+ on4k1o6 lt3ans

  When a liquid evaporate68yjqcm +8akds

  When a vapor condensehi:/ j4qk,z ncb;*e tis

  In a cloud formation, nn7kir7q4 hm. water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature m4i. qrnkn7h7 of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan 6b 9ml:nm)wzpp h d)(xof boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water atyk,,. byk)e hu $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecuvvr4ni 1wv ya*+ eod i, 51*dma(ql:cxlar collisions is referred to as mr1d +1:i *ax*v(eaowic5lv,4ydnvq

  By what primary heat transfer mynj.sas5 2sv .echanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in avsn. as.y j25s flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder t/eb 4-m-sm f0u 7txpcco the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following7m0m scc/p-t f-e4u xb physical property?

  If you double the thicknesid(kisb89o)+ z9lx 1u99nk h +6mxnp1 ouvcb ns of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference acrc vn1 +muk 98)+1ux9 b9x(dphlzio9ionsb n6 koss the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer 1)aggh,+:jfalzy ikj3m 9* bnof another material of thek g3ah)l1jgfa ,bnj m9*:i yz+rmal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby qimd-x vv :gtp9on*29heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another igv*in :vqd-29xmtop 9s referred to as

  By what primary heat tranpl k3k/q7v ;kusfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurlvoay.8vvr,0 34f/hs ps 4qx 9rzsc0v

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is d on2 y00 i6r10laytoximportant to humans in maintaining suitable body temp iy0yrtxo6o012 0alnderature?

  A spaceship is drifting;mazg:t8z9hi n2n )xg uoj65 w in an environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one s) hn 5zma2t9uo;:zgij gx w68nide of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from d:fr8ofs t a8se*6bm) the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what ws)6d fm:8to e8sa f*rbould be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature+ 4qm0jsdp6r .z;uyd zkh ax;8 of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power cym8dxpur6sz+ z.4a0;qhdkj ; hange?

  The process whereby heat flows in the abse(( dfhv nz-mnowtg)3/ fc;l5dnce of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the Sun wpuk9dh -* 3q e3r)gzt0zb t3jzc )skb6arm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equi fxn+ 95psiyrpe4exy 0 +9qw2kvalent to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent tl9p4j -;mf8 iiog1ipp o how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 kx.x*7 *ktanh g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added30-b1p 3n qxbzqx uce1 to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature ch1330xn zcqx -b1uq bpeange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is origin5a3 pflg9e 32 ;xljpgsa3fp*kyi(j j-ally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of myh9ai, +p9mf*tav5m1 8i7 uecfj 8sqzaterial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of water a es ;mzspg)i0/)bnzw *m7ww 6ot $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of coppe b:ajprygr;ke c wc;1.u 6o5;yr. How much heat is added to the 6aywop brg .:u;yc1ec;;j5rkgear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated t1s3 di+wsx* /+g goqrco $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially aox3z ovz:g;4biy.3 bh t $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material at41 8ww ejbmm lszcwt, 5-k79da $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally iszvl+gopc4 3f*fck1 ar5z,k t 9olated from its surroundings. One objec9+o ,arp1fk4c*g3 zfk c5lzv tt has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships betw: b - nqlzis;4)ttmbz5een various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would o)z b mis4t;tzb:n-5qlne expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagarg rn6 927loo7ji6e gsha Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermals7 l2e6gg 76noh roij9 energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heatoax+ 30cnv4.d z03vg*afrxp(cwr (q j loss, how long would it take to heat waterrarz*(a.3x0wno(v0 pc+qvc d x3gfj4 in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. H:cem fn1 djcf/0(u(v vow long will it take to heat 20 kg of water fruf/1: c(mfe0 vjvcdn (om $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 100evtn n 2xt9* 6gevi-gm4),-i swbw: xb3yto b30 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knifeb97m2 kh zu:6z,xset b,i sn6j blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change it- k;1)ef mxips to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to fiid *rtx2mxow3 qliduu057zax29rg ;1ej -:melt 200 g gta i52*ldxz-ijru1f;9xme: ri203x o wu7q dof ice?

  How much heat energy is 968h ri mgtjm4needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be r(whm,y; fw1csfv jqe.y5(ce 2emoved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice;qid2sn( /r) ans(cl ( j(unjw at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially at bu.izpaki5.i5x r o/; $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atcvvdx t:;7 w0wn 8sf-g $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of water ltd lz8zy, -m/v4xfq+at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change ew(num. ng*i8ig12nt*l is-oone gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to cha k-l6a (xzh3urpz76ivb q)qr jo9 4kn9nge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initial, xe,8;mqdo 2cif vm2nly at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of 2u+,cr1 s6zcdi(*b two g:,e xxlq)+a2dwcla lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting p e*ct:dx,wib+2l(r,uaq c w 1 s2)a +x6ldozcgoint is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete is yax)ni)9pgf0py gvq7,8 zop5$0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one *gwzb .;v pl0i +jo 7sure-oo+aluminum and the other brass) are job+s0v+;*g7p.o or e-zjiw louined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside t1;qyder.q t3y7la9k preq-,, kb 4 dvfemperatu4, av t.ydqley7 q93;kqrb -p r,fde1kre is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outsi o8nx1w 3/dr6 etjhyc0de temperature h16 3 xny/ oejdw8cr0tis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through o3)7 xlcdwdg6a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete g6x )wdc3ld o7($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to tr9 ni vgou 1xi frn.,)saln*m+,ansfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kc,akh) lk 64al0) tgn dyw98maaal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperatur gdnu4kqkk8;t -i()r 0 cfgs7ee is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted throug8krq cns0 u 7fge4)ik;(kt -dgh a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when -dwe4 zc2vyt4it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection a-5j 6chg n*/2vrr fnkg+t9c emrea of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.