Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat ene yaq e9femq* l ek-(;/x:uezc6rgy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of watebf z+ (lc);ovz;zi8tumdw4 gv7 ftj/: r by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual mol4nlzulk5wub kk z../* ecules is referred to a*/kuwk l 5.l4 uz.bkzns

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temper0fbaenfw4q f/ +py3f:ature T and the internal en3fq4p:ewyf0a nf + fb/ergy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an idealfhi uv q3l*u,bn:8(s n gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half the initiay 9pmw)/z0hdrwp b/* hl volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas wil)y*hbp/ pwmr0/zh9 w dl be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U at d9 n4hddy0 3fs$200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically is tha( /;*i ny3qkgp i;7datdistf )t

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat cn ih/+ 3x9zpcmg6rqw 7apacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equihw rc6iq37xgp z9/+ mnlibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum n i;vvx,x;k( cand a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach;;x ,v xinv(ck thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid state iexbpa 43e6p8bh t;zo vhr i0/7s re/hzb3ie va86 t o4ebp p0r;h7xferred to as the

  The heat required to chaqq4k8knj/:wg:qm a qp1u d d*8nge a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is referred to as /m nwq*j g4q kqd au:p:q8k1d8the

  If heat is added to a pure substan8czcekx /xtsc ny6 9p9ir2y2d/t+ *n pce at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezegdrhm 16m tg0(or;mknu o tq*f7d- d48s

  When a liquid evaporatel3y c1 8 3do h.s2ulnv;to if0fm/zey4s

  When a vapor condenst;l+qe i8dv m(es

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses in:85tr+ll jjs (ijuyz 4o1rr 6vv dc06wto water droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the swu05 +6c8iz6 j (rv4 1ydj:lvrotrjlclouds to

  Turning up the flame ficy2 4a9 ua)gunder a pan of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water 3;h*4bu2 rmkyhx hr7 a.oil9v at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby he/+qblb( ffg2v, pi-wmat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to aibbl /ff(+2-mgp,q vw s

  By what primary heat transfer ;9fj4xomosf99qs5t .rxqu g )mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot whenf4)so 9ugqxms 9.r jox;59ftq the other end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metalxm9fovg /b+j1.a p nt5 feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the9ap/ 1j5v b.+nmxtgfo following physical property?

  If you double the thicknesgy) 5ii 2 tmt:g20z6k l*u7cd fv*xhets of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a gd0 iceyk gl 5)2* vtmh7*ug2zi:t6xtf iven temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal con l. eyhwgi6.0taz s*itq ;jt3,ductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What istq ie6t*y;s zil.hj. agt03 w, the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecule b.phs7,i8r0e1jv o,jp5wdjj s from one place rjjj 0ph1,,v8po we5s 7b.dijto another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water)z x4bc.om-v g heated on a stove?

  Convection can occuri;j6cnyw9q* j

  Which of the following bestxpj9uvby8r/h / my 9ib.juu,* explains why sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable bodm p.8 *j9br/9ju,/xyb yivhuuy temperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment wherjmddt.lvh;( *; :vxdr 3y4/ kq;gxkpfe the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heatedjdmk4:d;ypfvgxr / klthdx(;; *vq. 3 by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same 4mlfo e(i+0r 0*xemla1,sj el materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared l am0rse(+el4l0 ix,fj*e1moto the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, by what fuyzm9+ ,lj*;.wqdzy.khu3 ffactor does the radi ;um3z u+9qdfy.zw*ljf hyk.,ating power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any hoi;h 0/ xn/cy(ha.q fmedium is referred to as

  By what primary heat tt(k7h.hl +j29li i bevransfer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much h9tju3ie 8aec3eat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is 3s7js :lt1qoc equivalent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raiseu0y9pho,6 l3(pb belo//hkaph xu: / r the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water,pt8el0r1*.yl ; 5tkm9wkhx( ;nb+pxfh aq9 z r what is the resulting temperatur9p 9mxl;pfr1 q0(bk.h5*wl+ax k 8 rehtyznt;e change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is or 4r0mfa jk9e)higinally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of mouuu rm:fl;+ ;(ecmk .aterial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by addiq j2f(*x a1ywoevbo82ng 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of i 6-ezzyzg p4bvhu54m3cb/ /u1bog.nrron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added .g1v3/rmuou-/yz5gbzn z eb bph c464to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal m s*6ieky:d 2h)h34l6:kvzsnxiu :+ m: zg zpwis heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copp:) x4pels zst.er, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material azlvt:/a t3zo .; 6hklvt $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects r13pjiwi*z ( txgh2 y0make up a system that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initiryiz2(1ijt0 *g3 wxphal temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the rp.qi*. g7.rlsk * sxyvelationships between various forv 7g*qp* sr. .lyx.ksims of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Nia9c5v 6wthqk *ugara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy qvhc6 9u 5tk*wis converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, i 6hdr xstp mk-c6fz2z9f,e :(vx k7-uhow long would it take to heat water in this tank from69kfsf i-p xuv2-zz6,c(7 :metdh xkr $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kgyuw+f 6dwp+ : zw3.u4lw zgwp7 of watew+.z6p7 4uw gzwy:ww lp3fd u+r from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (m+5 nxiu :oukcd)khx8 6ass 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knifkj4ez ubo04x2 dq,:n oe blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam t1bp l+svpx+; ry bz0*fo change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is requiredz 0au1ule63ml65 cald to melt 200 g o6al zmlul310cd5au 6 ef ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ice ati5+dhfvb/( mdjk tu 2sid (w5- $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed frombvpf tr,mh4t3862 cbwzz2 8vm 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice atdm cj6 n,j6ddxl:,urs.)m2 gd $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially ah- f5l jt8;::ic wacajt $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water al.:;t1ogc pvl, 97lp*uxzafj t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed hfn:8/5s3ke(et vj dito change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is reqtxvy k ;c+:6 g;hbh6vuuired to change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 1x2k2vy;6i ttynxwo9- 00 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg;:j ia41-zk -tvjjocrdsg8b)b4 lo s, of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and tew69-lhyco- -zgw 0kche heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting pointkzy-c wog60lhw ec 9-- is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivityd7hdq ltkd4xd61,p4ip 10z yz of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Txu6f h39 9 xu:q3te8aqmym l 9at1cyx7wo rods (one aluminum and1tl c tq93:6fq97ymeu3xm ahax8uy x9 the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m.s/.fba7xha3z w*g 5rs7 jsh*v If the outside tezx7g hhvfb*jssr*a a.7ws5/3mperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If ugr;6 t4( vexwsb(er(the outside temperatureew(r(;bx 4( te6gvrs u is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour throughsdh . 9molhvz*f9zs;6 a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete 6;9.o9hs mz d fvzsl*h($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat thromy (bcsw1ra2 f+nrn:sll30 if 9an8c9ugh a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4 s ,gucae/z:aju-xf70000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature35: ua,4z: ycebaqjqt is monitored by measuring tzetau qc,b 5q:43y:jahe radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating/6y0 t3pq e i39bjvefb energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collectooytyt mawvss9; y:dt 9: 4fcb;++i2qion area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.