Which of the following is+m84 liyctf 9d the smallest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the tempe7yvmshw 3o/br saz, )vua1*e ,rature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average.o5w- a w-tfpk kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to wkpf.-5to a-was

  A cup of water is scooped up fud 6b. enelmri+)e9r)/g/c.cjwr miei -3; lkrom a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, ci/.r nkldrm)w3 im6er ig /e+;le) c9ujeb.-in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an(w r; 9lxfkjs5 ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is rj)e l r u::(s8rvqntipz.u( gy6+fg 6half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initr:.( q:y i jrulrt6gnf(u+z8p e6vsg)ial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy Ub(i ailsu 9 q-ra((ej) at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically iwufzu:5* yyrh zq: 7b96e 8sods that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higkh3g4av/3gx ,w vp yb1her specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and irow p vh3 3kybg1gavx,4/n that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of a 8(p+q kyh 9zbsp34lh :p3fpmpluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilm4p:p (ps8h3p+pbh 9 ly fkqz3ibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to mhrk :xye6 ie+ 8u0w-nthe liquid state is refernmyk:0 w8iur h+eex-6 red to as the

  The heat required to change a substance i8muezv5d - feb: a7ui6*0wwafrom the liquid to the vapor state is referred to as*v:bi uz-5amwefi ew0 d8a u76 the

  If heat is added to a pure substan vd d,o(kna/5*s0 isdb -kb2h7csj 9btce at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes6jcsqkg0 tf mv40 m73i c*fd(.gnnqm6

  When a liquid evaporate6 ai+6g 0lujp1bk,b39skr zsas

  When a vapor condensepeh+3 gaax785wmv9d ws

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into wwl* b0y1j5ptw/g;dl l ater droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the lw1dw*g0/pb5;tl l yj temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling watehxznc* 8ed 3z04 f3-p f1k-g2mcpa vxyr causes

  Equal masses of water at 0 5qbhrdz- 7bwhpd.o 4$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to oklsnjc1 .q nbks)*2iyo;4 x 8as y)8oqons.;1 i njb2x*klc4ks

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an im6/bxvxp9 8:di f d8c7v.xzwb ron bar become hot when the othwdb8 cv7xdx8b/:pmxi .v f 6z9er end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a piece ofq o:22id77 xggu zdj*c wood. This is due to the difference i2du qg7*xco72 gji: zdn which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of :557r-whgwub,sn6 3lg,b-kgo+el g u 9fsrhba wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness 9ugl5segofbshw:r,l+6rn-h5,bgw7 kub 3- gwill

  A layer of insulating mate)nm4 n5c c-lbjsg1 ,8 /fxqvvkrial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivitnsqv8ncc x,/vj)-g4f1m b l5k y 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby he*uls7 s a1( lxnirex j44oa(f0at flows by the mass movement of molecules from one place to another 74 (or jeaxl*ux1f04 nsslai(is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanifus 7xs5 hpqox+nn/ :jpbqfd0,2b(5e sm is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurnp r.b40fh1mqz( fqfk(/v gs5

  Which of the following best explains why sweating ibw: 4hzpjfm4s8jp30. - ycvbfs important to humans in maintaining suitable body tempe.h44v w :c0jj m8f3p sz-ybfbprature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the accelerpbs*yh1gka -u/-eg ; bmd2 ,nqation of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection curru1hn- ;mq k*a ge,b-dpys2/bg ents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same material.m(7-o; xjxkxxms v 9n: ze3yvs. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house wou-kxevxoxm.7z y( j3:sxn;m9v ld need heat supplied at

  If the absolute tempera( 3e bv*a)wxgkture of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power chaak(bxg v3*)e wnge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is referred tof7u4h:jr:ks z94k ovo as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanis42 vsifja7 cfj;(-onz m does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent diq53:ak2jxn(eik- bto how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equiva; .u 0xliq)rmfrfa pd+f koe *ts:*(q-lent to how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead5rxj,y+lnx do5)-y ) vbc1ii r ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is adde-377z1w4q / ekjg( lvu nlmrued to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature chav4-qwz17(u enj /u le3lrmgk7nge?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is orir aqw5r 10jb0y j+;6ib9hiihh ginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg 9 4ltjzlu,o 535 ybkjuof material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath waternx-pn2w v93 vy jn9ys3 by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg ofx, 7yak piw+)4/bemlo iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperat 47ew/oap x)mi,lb+yk ure increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated to (c.4 e .q.cv0- -tfkxviqvtsz$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initially at ,+xifddo n 6ydm7s(lk53 4ezr $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material atfq;/h;v .jh3 pig .kmjlc (djr1o4vn2 $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isola/ 9*oi* xn-2ox ohqrawted from its surroun*ix /oooxh*awn9- 2r qdings. One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore thre/ aofhe dwz (s8.x10e relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of x/r(10ef.z eosa wdh8 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Ass,6q hkz)lre 9cvk s(i7uming that all the gravitational energy is cvke hqcl6)is79r(,k z onverted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long woulm6g8 xq,2sc74c8 vp1ijuu uiel;az s 5d it take to heat wa 28 ua5 j;g8i14ci v,qsezp7xcm6uluster in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to (9;apd 8oveg* 0vygec heat 20 kg of wateo8g ep*av9;yv 0cgd (er from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000 g,/r5tpl*vgija:1(4 d;*0of key ihx yh $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specifihu rq+v2 r5l279ixddfc heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to changmw9fk * :u6tfl y+ cibesu6)5de it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much hedhk2: t9gwo9 xk4l3q cat is required to melt dhckxk34gqt w2lo:99 200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10x3.mv ox -,g pp r7yqqoh:4nf- kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed 6(ordk8 beal ,from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 8 zt6foh;j f,0p0 kcal/kg. When 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initiallyucx aynimu7o791zgkmkj9 ;(2 at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water axole +n3 .sp(xi b2yj8t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy ygd(xc s8sjsw0 o*. 1z48 wpfyis needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to chan cwj61c .v1y dzhv2f)lge one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requmjvxk.o/e:n zby4n8b ny u2r7r( c w6)ired to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice toez17ezi9kx4atrhi .kil*x3i, 1j u-e 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 x 5k.h;.y rhdmkcal/kg, and its melting pk;rdhx 5y.m .hoint is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of coozys)94mc rr.ycteo057 y m w5ncrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice 0 /qbdiwt+nxgt. ruh;vc;n), that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent the ;)t+qh,bw0r./cg ivnu; tdxnrmal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outsifklb8a5 ;b+ cel2 3 k5xpgpmo8de temperature 5 lelc p;b3k x+k8pf g8am25obis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has5oo) 0mdph5u/0dhzzcy:s ss0 dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature i dod5sh z) 0/zm:c00pso uhs5ys $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concp 8 4yocs11imerete (1ym1ip 4 ceo8s$k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it taknjs-d-/ i10sy km z3 uk:+zfjee to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of ;8r pqb z:ao,zheat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steelzig8b/63e5w a6/u,rl qsqio 7 a az)qz, the temperature is monitored by meas u6 wg)aq/l8s7beqzr6aza z/i53oq, iuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the hwfsn.i nw5ji1m sa +(3uman body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solarg.s/3gf) kfal collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.