Which of the following is the smallest unit o lh/ -rnwt:kpga0if ;;f heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperg*)tsjk/ zjd .9en dqcma95g/ature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the akf3do7 vmd 60average kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred to0k3od6 mvf 7ad as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimmingsf10r/ 1mjj e p4iyk-m pool of water. Compare the temperature T s1irkmyj p- e40mj/f 1and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas rcoq+ /l3we n+depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half the initial vo+u u-1xk7swn if 0z9ell3m-pplume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of nf zs7p3w+e0lu p-ki - ux91lmthe gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy U al:za iv ,+y8zkn8g+5t/ smgxf t $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary dr* i490ocvoe 7uq1i dodastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat capacity ttt e;g1(//ww o3t6j yknzlbw: han iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which stat;tot :w/(jnzb6yw1gl/ e 3tkwement is true?

  A thermally isolated sys4sb l1)p,go nz,pf, xstem is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heatns,ogp1 )zbs, xfl,4 p during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to chj6u)jc-whncjgiq +wf v20 mf n4v86uj w w,z35ange a substance from the solid to the liquid state is referwf z- ujm 28ijw6ch4 vu)wj0 nn v65f,j+c3gwqred to as the

  The heat required to change a dbdo( n ;nrua7q;nr2zq4u 6 o6substance from the liquid to the vapor state is refea dr;o( qzu 2 u;db64ro6q7nnnrred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a 4vy+g 6zw nkjtk*:n(x steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezev1c2cy cog.q2t/pbz y) 46yrk s

  When a liquid evaporatex(uz0pce x; ix:kh /(es

  When a vapor condenses)siq feaz)3 1s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigge+(9;yv wmh rrer and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of t( ym we;hv9+rrhe air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of bosn2 a 5ed3+ kfj;a6jukjpq7 p7iling water causes

  Equal masses of water at 8uvf w1va7n.x azbz:m/qm w7 .$20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by meadp(blh suq3:s )e 5u/ixe-7idt:1id c ns of molecular collisions is referred to a)s-(ed5i ed:uui ti:pqs blc1/ h37xds

  By what primary heat t l7lqfi2nyfw1q*i g, m;hef4scsz;6 8ransfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame?lmqsf4cyg,wsq1 7lh2z 8ni;ieff 6; *

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels yzsv,g a4x6 +n;e* l1 vmyaoz1much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physias;avxyvn1z*+ ol, g64e z m1ycal property?

  If you double the thiclky*m 8nh34oikness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat loss for a given temperature differencn 483mhy o*kile across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a lak j2uxu) r :adzu6wua, 4x6+layer of another mat6 r)xu2uaju6+adk,: lw4ax zuerial of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from e1e.j zocmho(1e;y/e3zt 5pox+/zvpone place to .c5/z3 +eptxoeep(yoz o1m jvez;h /1another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of wat/0)niqka h/b dg qu0 /i6slfd*er heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur4)5.l gi7e kfgd qm1mn

  Which of the following best explains why sweati6( yf mduw8hp* cqrw+nm/ l)3sng is important to humans in maintaining suitable body temperatumd8wqn s6 pr*)cfm/ hu w+y3(lre?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the acceleration of gravity ix*ev+ eem02x6fjv3ra;jy. c ms essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabi*xm20yrce6+faj3 xeev m; j.vn is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses buil(up(;du8 3s1sf)wiuf9lb l fqt from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the sma9sulbf 3p(widfs; )u( l8 q1ufll house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doublyj6e ts )us6mg70wm (xed, by what factor does the radiamx(y 7m6tsjeg0 w )6usting power change?

  The process whereby heat flofmk 2gbe 64z5sws in the absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer m-*vk3s7vaboe+m j * dvechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivaleoxgvz y)-t;/-j ktst ebv558 hnt to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to0 ndhly;a4w 0t how much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead y/*b-vmzv/ i rjo+jli40r ; 3m*yauvy($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is thp nwos5ueso)4 9,pachtq :u4 -e resulting temperature change )oa9 n,u p 5oqs:s4-uchw4etp?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is ouu nd 0ly yhw3-6evq78riginally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature 2z on. g;cx5hvq*kkk 7of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath 6vov pg0y8r4)89ywi8ct tfbj water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron nuqu6m) s6rs j)1jv 9xp.n6ku and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is adnspk6x9uu)s jnvrj6)mu1.6q ded to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of met4 ;m,.(+ip zll 0r1nnqe0xmrnl/ lhcvb li5* qal is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of coppgh8gs3 r0x )pwn z+9pter, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material l bdskav72uxy*2o7 h6at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated from its su9t1 zot5 dl (1tyaqt6t cx0gl.rroundings. One object has an initial temperature ay 6qd zgx1 l1 c0ttt(t5l9.otof $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joul 6( *zrb6hjn g8xhsz5m 7bol6ae attempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall (6*x6 bln8srj 7hhz om5ag6zb with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance 0ae)ys; k o5ofol;6 dqof 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy60yeoold okfs qa;)5 ;, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long wo;z4dyn 9hcue*re5p n;uld it take to he nn9z4p*erych;;u d5eat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is us3n7c1wr oa w)oed to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of wa3w oo)w1rn7ca ter from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mpsv zu ;yic140ass 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (s1d+kstp )vt s vqty;0 f3/k)lapecific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change/ 7r9zboku fj/ it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to jb:eouvg +l+m2)pu*o+b ,: 4nx jpsdi melt sxg+ )d nm2+p:jlep:o+u*b ujb oi4v,200 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is ne3tffv .g943rhzlqzj ri (f0/ meded to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be remove +tycy 1s1ihf2z qr.w-(um3 zcd from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Wirunzu0)) jc y.,7t qzhen 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initialdin*p m +dq.3lly at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at61l6pem 36zb jkp(r js $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is msy,,eyia1 h4 needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gra7r:yv(5 z.wz hh ejqw,m of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to chankd e.6rb9ft ;rqqsq77ge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1 /qf14 *amkbly.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion o4y;aw:nf)xfu5l-8 uxm mc 2tuf lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, - t5um 4lfm2xucwxafy; )u8n:and its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete k8yt94fpm 7kq)crde y5l/0 wcis $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that ofno e :,dsxtwt/ham 748 brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained ah, ent:oa84t7wmxds/ t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the o3w(uzvi6st p/5fgb u8utside temperature isivzfu5g sb(36 8upwt/ $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thicoz1 -l7-hs4sbaqhh4pt, : j nkk has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tehhltssponhj - q,: 7-4 kaz1b4mperature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through (r.bi ;v/h+nsukl lzm dy 5e(-a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of concrete vb /;. lyznl( miur(ed5h-s+k ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 cal of hezl-,jy t60ha zat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost t1 1 sk,jrb6;ktifv te8hrough a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is mo s:8n- 4uar l.w8onbnn3r o)mtnitored by measuring -o4sn8:l.a tonr rb3wn)8umnthe radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating ene1k a5fjm8ipil6e*d6y rgy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (eff+) -6uodtf axvective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.