Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat eai,hl8lrwy6hle : ): 0;lzddp nergy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raisa8i,b -hq3wm; d ek/ud.z8fxq e the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecules thnnarms6)05ko ex k ))kdj ((is referred to askh0s5ad)r(mjt e n )kn(kx6)o

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of wate5mq2jqut l12/v 5p.qqipt x8m r. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and t1 quqq5.tj5ix 2qp8/lmp2mv the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gasz egt+ i*h/ mpdv42ooqe, 6yj; depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is fir 4fejzafz-:4 jst compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. Alejz f4fzja:4-l of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internanrgv* ) .7hhfal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drasticafu(a5v5l5 0:crar37ae9f ngbup9 gzp lly is that

  It is a well-known fact that wad d vfae+a :e:2g),dxxter has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. d+xdf:2 eaedg:avx,) The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of al vt9e/5ht5o .y:njrvkuminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper.yt h9 5e/r:5vjov.nk t Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the liquid state in+ace f nj2rppfqgf6: 65h 1h.s referred tr.h6 2ajeg6p 1c pf5nhnf f:q+o as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is v kid d yo*egs.-r/0 3zqb4en;referred t.4ro*d-i;b/d 3yves g0kqn e zo as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at rwd/ o-ys9d2m a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes/dw4z u+sz hkh0n-omxa z1m9.

  When a liquid evaporatesq nsxoo8wyzrj ;*l;05

  When a vapor condensq(qez t ;)i+q*v-w0s u 5ylqofes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get biggq87jer2h- cs ytgu+o3er and bigger until ijhqu g2s 8-ocy3+re7 tt rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boiling6 .1)npyrak nkot 4vg, water causes

  Equal masses of water as,1/. d/ wm xxljzl n6kab+3; r6hh7dne r4ncvt $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions isksb-2g2p lm/ w e0wwa: referred to as 0a2k:gbplemww/2-sw

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism doesxz -rnd )a:8o0wr.yc i one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed ) a-.idrx:czr0no8wy in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the 2m )f(q 8esuahxsq3mj-(4 ngmtouch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical propert-x4m83 (q(nmu)2 sqs eahmjgfy?

  If you double the thickness of a c/5f3tpx3 7kc;d ivhl wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of heat losscfpkdt3vh 3c/xi75;l for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placewon rq3k7*g/ lifq :f1d on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the compos kq/fr:qgo*i 1fn3w7lite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass vj5g4e k19odur/-wq y k4dif3movement of molecules from one place to another 1iyj5/qrd 3d-k 9e4vwo4ukfgis referred to as

  By what primary heat trana, 02weyw phy;sfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurah qr5;t+ -0gyrad9 uxteg 8vo.r dd9/

  Which of the following best explains why sweatid3 0ne0 v0vbciqbjt7,qcr5:f ng is important to humans in maintaining suitable bqcncj0 t vq0f3r0bvid, b e5:7ody temperature?

  A spaceship is driftinu+bf/ ch6nv-azm6 n 8gg in an environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is/zau- c8 mfnh6 vn6+gb heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring remi5 (w)4 b;fxart eq,lctangular houses built from the same materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger,5q);e(4mrt b ifxwla house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperaturekeh +:dhx 9r0t of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power chan9x+:r0 kthdehge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence ogtrz8, f3bh8dahrwjt7fv 0uma )-e49f any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism dozh c,0 )tk)jgtes the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent wrhav ye4s8;s.gjx:*hhp50v7 ewfy4 to how much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to hq5c v7q0yrlk-.;x e lom5v(uvow much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needejb4irsf (16li0 3ulv yle3rr.d to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temp;p gdcbf4 tha98a5ig;erature change?d8hg5a pc a4bf;i9 ;tg

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is origimai3tnd8tkde g,qa.8-; vfo ;nally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises ngoqza75k)1 vthe temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L of wahhl.91cvgys3 ter at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of irgh sfzl y;ov2i08*j6uon and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperatv8 ;oy6f2ihg*z su0jl ure increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metayv* ; 4bnb,qdhzq6c+z7p.odq l is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, ini j ut(.-*jdoaxtially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material ,cuvlj qj,o)h7m) z9e at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated from its su fhuen69fih9z :,lxdk -c 1*xtrroundings. One object has an initial temperaturc ld ,-fx6fi91x u h*k:zht9nee of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attemx3)tbfmev9 8.aem mb1jwic glf 1v7-(pted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a verlm.7bevi19m-v8(ef3m )fcgbj1xw attical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distanc :bo4 -64b9tlx;nnxh6 vqc vcae of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the ccvq6bvb ;4n6-:ox la 4xnh9t water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater u(+xhs a:jqvvl n/h03tce+t/fses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would it take to heat water in this tan+c/ xln0 je3+ (thasthq/fv:vk from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water.i1zez;ci3:hyqf8 pd 60a jd:b How long will it take to heat 20 kg of watzah;3dep8f:0 16 q b: zjyidicer from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 100tc: 71(u9m6z taxgjry0 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knif,bkrq7oc)gk 3id2 fy8e blade (specific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to change ito:-rpwyme ,8vy4r9(,ah vppz to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat h7jh, )rrg,/qdqj )me is required to melt 200 g oqjgre, jhd,/r)h7 )mqf ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ice lq5siq /a g +6h,(qkuqat $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be remove;yugra)a3 8o qd from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Whksd9(:,b qd quen 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially aoqew7hz ,4k8c d5 sh/st $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water atok z)d 3:ukrj9 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of ; 6b1-8e ltpbxicif( *x9yiavwater at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required tok:l:a04 ifk)ed a0hlgz0xl8lj2a y h4 change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to cha3-imgv/a kz )onge 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 uts6vcd-tz;2jyfh81 g;n1 xi kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat cnx-tpxet 9 xgf9pna6-*1r i 9of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, at-9*xan fe gt9ip6r c-1x9p xnnd its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conducti:k/ 9awgtacltq3: lk 1vity of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. mxb-,thlb +)fg)ywg rp-j7*m Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod,b* rg +m m-yf7lb-g xp)wj)th is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m b6 a fzv.(p 1k/ft6:w2hvmjaryy 1.5 m. If the outside temperature pt1v/ra(kv :y m 662.wajh zffis $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside*h 8d)5tirycfdp3/ ut temperatu3f)iyc8 r tupdtd */h5re is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m s86tznd1l , ru (by7diyection of concrete d78d ly6n ,btuiryz1(($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it takkj6u h/ 4yun6qe to transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat igq7i+i9dji;0l7u9rxo ;twusc pa 4b.s lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the tempo )s vkejem/(r0ba:( eerature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emi/bk(evre:0 meso )(jatted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the huma58 ;ugx qm)aj/ck.svq n body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective collection area yi z ndb7 ixn3*:ca:n+of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.