Which of the following is the smallest unit1e2k8(uvwtwm 6f6 kq u of heat energy?

  The amount of heat necessp,(tel 34z7 z )cgenlaary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individuy0f;:g n jn no:cpl:(3*gnrur al molecules is referred to yj n0nn;gor3lu:n*:pg : fcr(as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Compare the n94 qdhg7m*fg temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swing*4m dghq9f7mming pool.

  The internal energy of a,qfxw/we.y 2 an ideal gas depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first comrxd87-l;0fpx e, lriwpressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If thedwillxe;80 fp- 7r,rx initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with int1;epu*yde +r cernal energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vj):/oz+m)syhc) cvd i 8 1na; isk7kllary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that water has a h(j,; hn 9-rrzyd sr4bwigher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of wa, ; ry9n4- bjdwhsrrz(ter and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold ;n (; vovag(da ;,v idwy4j5nlpiece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat v(l5;own(y iv;,naag v4j; dd during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to the lip-g a/8 rqa;r/y txs0rquid state is ref0g r/-qrrsy;/ taap8xerred to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid/* cd+ vlcd-iu d2w8zt to the vapor state is re-dt/dcui* z 28v+lwcd ferred to as the

  If heat is added to a pure subwr4/km) vgd9estance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezes /+jyjrglk0 c4 ;vgxw/

  When a liquid evaporatespkjya r;(q 65ego m 6r/(gd+yr

  When a vapor condensea4jn1lpco:r)pjsk*-1e x; da8. ij ruwt or .)s

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplet l+s;;:ap ( qmpt)f+tu xlp8nbs which get bigger and bigger until it t(lp anpm:l+ x8bpq;su; f)+trains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boilinbk;3y( q 3uk:c ) 7agv d:lh6wz(lxtzmg water causes

  Equal masses of watergkj9hgu v)jh i)m /24q at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular collisions inqt (+ a.tjzn7s referred to asn7n. zt+qta(j

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar bec5z+u.hzaad: lome hot when the other end is 5l:z + zaahud.placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of me.et:x vebqt :8tal feels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in eb8tq.t:ex:v which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickn. 8, mqb;7l0sqwxhoc *): cf/fmeqkf p t4r4syess of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the rate of hw tpxsoqlk 4h r8f*,mc;4qf7m)cs e/0bqfy: .eat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conductivity K is placed on a13 yijby6 oy1u layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?31 uyobij1yy6

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass/d;iktes: y0p movement of molecules from one place to anote/itp;0 d :yskher is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stov8 suh: z:*,db 4ebwzcbe?

  Convection can occur; no re6c,i;ic

  Which of the following best explains w,vj 9pjno9:-e lnllz2 sq*cm 6hy sweating is important to humans in maintaining suitable body temper2jnven l, pmj9qzl6 c9*so-l :ature?

  A spaceship is driftin,l8vkiwa5n 2 zi6zhre3 zs3m:g in an environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially :8v56n mazi whsze 2z3r,ikl3 zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the sa6 8h: coyvk5npme materials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain theyo8 v6phn 5:ck same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is dou l 6yli.kx3..uadkv9 2g7.xf: npepybbled, by what factor does the ra:2kp3bpa xekd.fly.vy.xn . 79l6g iudiating power change?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence o pph;:ktx+7n;wny fb:f any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does spa:m7 s8n0-jlf 4krcthe Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much heaepa/1f:gb kn(vuo)t +f4 rjdagt5.+pt?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how /y ln mp7(.xurmuch work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100 g of lead (hsf20zrt 5 gjc3r pj40 p)lp5h$c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is 5 oa4)gsc*q 958wtk2ibfajeo added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature ch4b59etjwi 2 c *a8osf )5qgokaange?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block i)kd(bk;ss2jv hkc3 g*u/ +wvys originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of mhrl5s n . z)soyy764fub u51bmaterial by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L ofqz*g8 n sfc,si,. eap2 water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. H*q2pcl.qzf :eow much heat is added to the gear if the temperature :eqzf.cq*lp2 increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metr*bl+j0w k14sq cmr5s; f n o+dtmi*q8al is heated to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of coppe7bz 3 4 cdy 8 jqos5+no6fq;vhro3sko4r, initially at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material m w7ix+2l + rpwxh rzyqd;j1,)ys2f 6cat $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolatcs8 hwo4webi/h- d8h8(c1hr eed from its surroundings.88- esebw8r o hhihw4cd/(ch1 One object has an initial temperature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships betwee kj.d 7se7h0pvn vari .7sde jp0hk7vous forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assumingg6 rpapks1i7: that all the gravitational energy is converted to aks rpi1g67p: thermal energy, by what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no 8a.uqmo9hr a6ccz9 9 vwy(8riheat loss, how long would it take to heat water in thiz9 hu.cia wcr (mry8o6 99va8qs tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg 9wwv -*x5rqz hz29ef w(1e zgbt2erg)of watew )z w bq r9g-51teegrw(2fx9ev*2hzzr from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mas-vg8,*xznq5 n i s5hvns 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heat =d 5d3wk 1b;c8cq/oed9vcw ln8 $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed fro7osn;t:.bq kfm steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of y,tb e1u:q,xi( vw rd1fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is required to melt 200 g of btrqv(y ie,d1uw: 1, xice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg on,p -uht/(aisr 9ecl,f ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs 7r)i b5f sth0qxe63f) m fc2iyto be removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Wh-foj f-qe de( cq*xq2b rq):n(en 50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially at j hm nnxxt72;z86lua5$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water athod*+1n 1ta hm.b nay1 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg o3ajvm,mcg: - g:df t)mf water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one grzo( t)rx9/x tdam of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 1l5naj-x )hbv2 rzd3otd rjjp;o //5t200 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially atx8rm+z)bn .ao/av d op-o9+ h4gg/ yyr $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is+qb *p +242tkfa qabvu0zvi6e 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, av+ 6t2b*q +ui42pvfa zqbk0a end its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete is(0 n;wrfkgz7 e $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of 6j: 5 cu.9 mc:tveam3qsqzm8z brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. Thsa69t5 uc:m:mqe v qz8mzc3j.e free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of(o/)ntl+9.ph 95l h xfddtde o 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temperature is lol +.5o )9 txd/d 9fhth(epnd$-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. Is, (sbfx,0 np0jngrk,h01va f f the outside temperature is gr ,kj,v (bn1fx0f0an h,ps0s $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of cole/ at /mm 2 9dvu5zg/c,ka0bvncrete lakdt v0bg//uevz9/a5 ,cmm2 ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transt xzh7o*;q/mvd v .ob;fer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a wk8vcm hu1w s,5cu* l33iub2f $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used fordd:;26zxgh l o refining steel, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of are hdx2:g ;odl6za $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body radiating energy when it is at g (dj.ot-8tcvzj z.:p $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effective colleo2:40 hu,behh:ldbfqs*qxt :ction area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.