Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat energyy ylkl5/i9, tgb zuhp 51i37dp?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 grgv t8fq jfj9ax/ek8+ /am of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the ave7 n58vb .fgd o:rzozx6rage kinetic energy of individual molecules is referred tobrxn85gz o.v7 o: 6dzf as

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swimming pool of water. Coehr naow8wi; z91 hh:7mpare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming porn8 91wi:ahwe7o;h hzol.

  The internal energy of an ideal gas depends c5)xk ,l3fqnt,hs 4ql2 y:8axedfd b(on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half the initiur*+44vngug1lqh kxsq- g 6 6mal volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the inuglhg16+sqxk q*v-rgumn 4 46 itial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy r3wl9p- s6.jbg vdvvc, q+(mh U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary dr68u lofjbf/.faweq*1e *x x3t astically is that

  It is a well-known fact that wate* mwj3i3emat3 pex)(a r has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 3a(jmx3w3p itee )m*a3 0 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of alucj)5 8x p;ud1ejyc xh: 8j-,v jtcuu+sminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater ue:1pj,-c58vxst )hxc d;jj u+yucj 8magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the szjv3 t53h2f0g) c)-cr dpvt ptolid to the liquid state is referg-c23tz3v p0) hvrjft5 dpct )red to as the

  The heat required to change a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is g +3cqiidc5o,rx.z t6referi,.gtc6d + xrqc5z3 iored to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a 8a- 4 yxpxpf*er69nwmsteady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze;s zzcj5-l-y ws

  When a liquid evaporagezsd gy: +2cov.x( m.tes

  When a vapor condenst h:krpksrw:/9. *yq-v p f:knes

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigg km odlbzpwlc5t4cs: zx+9 126er and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of 4stbk 5x z+p: 1o6m zdwcc2ll9the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boili nilj(rp3 ,q f84agbj57,bv idng water causes

  Equal masses of water/ov;uxy1qv lk3;6 p 9bapy4a h at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby hro5l;xnz h1b5vl ea6 d7;a4 1gub 2siueat flows by means of molecular collisions is referred to asl vag17ihad6l;un5sux1eb z5 ro4b;2

  By what primary heat kignc1uh nx rw23tbs *g:ircv8b9:n:g qk)7.transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar become hot when the . 3nburixhqg)*k1rg i :9:c8t7b snwv:2kcn gother end is placed in a flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touchz3 zf/0,y bziu than a piece of wood. This is du z3,bzuf/iyz0 e to the difference in which one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a walluhntn6 ywc/ *u e1 a-kib,: gdt2kax11 built from a homogeneous material, the rate of kuty,a2a ecn*/gu-kdxnh1 tiw :b1 16 heat loss for a given temperature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating mt2t55qz7ad(n n p,wu katerial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal 25tw(,znna7t d uqkp5thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the mass movement of molecules from one s rb j( 6kvu;4l8z bn ,egnv4i:ysu:)iplace tu, uzv (i bj;4n4: vs:i8er)yskbln6 go another is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is a pot of water b, oho k/ ,sa;q/5u8 i-gep6jxuhz3oe heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurr4jy n u*bww 02wvby0-

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is important t.; :n4ytlcfe8-/cx2 efi ocbzo humans in maintaining suitable body temperatuf oe 2-ifc:4e /yxc8zlntb;. cre?

  A spaceship is drift* yl/hoq39pq*,mhnts tlb v98 ing in an environment where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the convetlhto* q ,q*vmb/8s939hynpl ction currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same materials. One frgm,* + sjf)mph5/c/ hps(ipof the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house woulpc/5f)mjm( p gfsrish+*,h/p d need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature 5v,w/rsyjd q, of a radiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating power chan/,d jrs,qw yv5ge?

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is ref a c9 o3fmimjv+dm(0+nerred to as

  By what primary heat transfer 2*dfh :igao3lmechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to h 6uvh/yu3ck9.1o 0 w igvjhg7cow much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how muchp1l ym/o (h ,ks6s3jci work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the teml m;k64myqyw 6perature of 100 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is addedma6jdwa )d6cjn 4kiwg5w 1;o6 to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature changw 41nok jadc;aigw5d6 6m6)wj e?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block is origing 9zc5v,jtuiq/elst n+ c(w7t:c 8 gz/ally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 2)xgll h,xlx- 3sbx 3okg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath water by adding 5.0 L ofy;v6llk; n/kci69 )mqnxa ,b(w)c qre water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consis:u3pbxerq og 7br27l49yyp 5p ts of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is g94 rpbroqxupp: y l35e77by2 added to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated to dje 3.km;qm3j $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiallyti361lnb0 0rdhxuzmtiwn5 - vt6a83 v at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material a.cs8njc.(8 o snjr. zut $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a systeuyxssvg*mgja:.id ,u3t;96f *2ebo t m that is thermally isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial temperature dgui* vsj.u,t3e ;x6mfg :ybta*9os2of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relation.uvs 40;mo s)d2xv vkhships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen dohdvv)sums4;0k2o v .xwn a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of 50 m.z;2c1j cy i;d y1j;4ckmi frn3r fux,0 Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperature does the 2;j4cd;ri1; rxn k3cyc,0zj yf1fmiu water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how l0w(jg s-dtp 2wong would it take to heat water in this 2sjw0t( d wgp-tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat wadyta78/lj*n7-p5mhg fup k o 9ter. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of wat87- nlahmjuo* 7/dtgkp5 f9 pyer from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1000z(7g2nyt -r3x7bszxiqm(v7d0o xm, g g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (spec2p swh)sfkq6bmr0d/zw9 71doific heat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed from steam to chan;ti iy k4qbtg8).ui g/ge it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is pq atf73u5.osrequired to melt 200f.aqs 7opu t53 g of ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 1;hkpc1 0:lobte)5+rhxh d w/s 0 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be removed from 100tv h3zh-5k8hxf3 sl c rr3, -()vdznmj g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 50 g o qgcr( a -,qr7*ao8bl89s eh f1wxeec-f ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initn ,:dm6j off 4ad)ldj*t+mro9 ially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water a yq*waw/dhbwx09.9 prt $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy i2 r6b mzzznx1oy*7sw (s needed to change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change onspbb:ofz5m o56 om*su:k)s/,ddvwys 3 pa u-- e gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required t te//b+6muprsxt0sj ky0j*ji i/erh+ds 58 4qo change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tiei./js-kj;.ri e2( ipe2r p zea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead issh-3c z iz7t4d 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization is 207 kcal/kg, and its melting point is di37 tczz4 h-s$328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of co oli:n)(fxargi r)t23ncrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of ali9-- 4p-bl(m ; z ex jpxpjq2m)echji*uminum is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum anmxj e4b-p p;)9(ehi2jx piqjm -l-z c*d the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 16:o;w2(7a zj hlwsx vr.5 m. If the outside temperatl ;o svw(:w2z76xr jahure is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outsiw j op:wrj)i*nu1w p5c x(ju+cr05cr(de temperature i :* (ijjpxcrr (015ur nuw+)5pccow jws $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 4e 0p2m bixp:9g (uwab2.0 m section of concrete 0epp 2xu :( b9gba4miw($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 +(q9zjq a0dbucal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside tempezg t4o:ir7) 4wk*rwkq rature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperature is monito k-r c ew);azz:xe7l-gred by measuring the radiant power emitw7ke;) z:z-xlrg-c e ated through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the human body rai3qqv8c qz5oydryr c-1dy6 6)diating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exis 4yfuen0xf,7j +br: xgts inside a solar collector (effective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.