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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph d3v 4dfof0,c mis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proceq8(- z( 12lu:8 te2ogkq : ckamsvqyagss, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod.yx; mq .fs*,adxky06o ld1e7zctp p /ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its o03 ,z;b:kr y-c;d wqkx5c rdtkriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This process cy xtz k d0;r:wrc,5qkkd3b;-is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durvy ggvlnawi*67***yf ing this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressedaw*vyi*f *vgyg67* ln the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isot1-hn u2 qjzz 9xe)vsb3hermal process. The fin2ejx3bzns- uh1v) qz9 al pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6*fyv,qxy4w81ppg+ g i J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Whicfq4+i *g8,gppv1wy x yh of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, th) j7m.rpchg ;-qd 0qi4 rfmnpya;)r r)e gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process i- imf4p grp).7ayn )0 rd qjr;r)q;chms

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tbmsp -m1v .zot k/:d64g jrmk:hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to os:ea2bppna2/c+i pl:d vb6u+ne-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final i2sc::plubd2vba +a6 +p/ pne pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al7;vkc )e nxj-yb1u* qyl respects except that one contains yx7jy;k v1u)cne -b q*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gue31+fo, ro4cwzg -olas identical in all respects except that one contains uoz , 41lfoworgc- +3e$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram i /0cl, aq4pnsgs an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change in n6nge3ix,qg. wspp -fd/i,* t

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam(t x-skbey kx ex4)q/ i z5:a9;kvrsv0ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added ,(m2t ,juycxtto it. This process u,xc,(2t tyjmis

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at f 5bw y4hkw85h5xo6v kconstant pressure. As a result, the internal energy5vx 85kohbk w64yfhw 5 of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagr8jo7 r2t ,ydqdv.i 1c.hn+ sjnam is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there ic)yed5:i: xr abzy m*,s no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t.nj 0qg kuu-8khermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energ8s-vk ; y jf*ummee0-: pzq9 i8(5vmszwfrc 4cy is added to it. This proce rfzm*uk- wqm(8s; : jpe0 9z5vycvmi-ce84f sss is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred t+ t,eyn +3g cb2tlg6deo a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internaydce+g gl6t+ b2ne3 ,tl energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod: ;7jph2(2oc rtzifw unc4.4a4 k)sbkuv5 u kwynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservo;l 377dfnm xikir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoi g u9dr3j-:fymr to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clakk)w, cofwk4 lx6f47dusius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durin3tkb 3j mb80fond7 ) wdu)ycw.hz ay.pz6(l n/g one cycle, how much work is zcf)z )j(n3y 7/8ymaw h30 d .nkbb6.otpdulwdone by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratil8crd/xkr4uezm2z; 8 o of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effici .,f0mfreh+e d0uogl5ency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must behrg m 0 u+de,05el.fof

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis1m3 z,sc8dl,en y3c i(3lwvzy ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of txh qddy/os8ao-;y n-7 he second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) ozordogt jrw k),jvn 6 .125o)r0+6m;jp mam oyf a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofpk aj;o6,o6j)yro mtv+ r2rm0gjn w1m.)o5z d

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the4iol1fx tk j(420f5ua/qi jz,. m;dfgq ac6sb ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of :cp- q *i3jvkpqnm(;o 3 zmd*zthe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any procespup m *7gb7bfx,z)fi6s that may occur within an isolated systepmf b,u 7xp)gfzb *76im, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of th13e8 9(snc/ns ykpx icermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us t62+8al,l s/ick1gtq;mriir : yljtb9 o conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What;fa8 )/zbzd)wdl jw(qtz2 vk3y; gi )s is the change in internal v 3( awi8gdd)sfq/lkzjb);;tzz y) w 2energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process,z(uc7a 0 n*z63yi/ga skzr hp+ 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work dophaz(rg+*7 3zuck0y/niz s6 a ne in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas syst/i0 y5 rdb9):f-ppnqhgj -dtjem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in 0d- tdg9 y-jh/i5npp: )bqjrfinternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is mze1 9s1 oby+ ,)hsgzxthe change in internal energy oxzo,h+e s 91 zmb1g)ysf the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doire0x9uz,a c2v c7ltt51)mo i tng 25 J of work. What is the change in iz2a tcet5rm u1v lxt )90o,c7internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of az e)p+c;w,lc t system decreases by 50 J. What is +c,)zwpclte ;the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrebw+j0)emy j8e0ntu+ kases by 50 J. What is the heat exchte80 0jnu +yek+j) mwbange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at cx ,t2u ze3f5j-ab 8loconstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the g-ftba8x2,o 3jel zuc 5as?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at const/q ufg*h8*uk6 ag 7dx*wmseb09s k5sd ant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the s sd ksf7mh0gu98ak*g6w*/ 5 uqb*xesd ample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wat 3gyym++(tbjhbs f/a,+s.i lser at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyc gz(aa:4/ (wc*y/m9ltz fe jsaok-3oyle. What is the ej otezaz(3*fc4sl/g:yamoy/a( - w9k fficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivesrwys9o5a( w* x 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform o(sra *5x yww9in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efv m8o7duyngp.c .1ql 13 +:fplvpnw4yficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cllyn.vv y43pn8 mc.+fuodp1 :q17pgw ycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4 j7tx( *cb zmt1sy.5ev2 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclz(jmsvtx1b.t ce75y* e.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat t nws 4nj5 :m6h/ko(xceach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the worn kxc/4(hosn5w6 :jmt k done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fomz..29sqdat zllowing characteristics: cz as.d9m2z .qtombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristio4 n-t81taw bo3fm uk6d(ic0scs: combustion ch8uc 1tkb 0(-f 4as mi6tdowon3amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici(;jhe oly- 99tpv ; ,ifmqpds4ent engines built so far has the following characteristicsy9ps;vd ,(eo-q ;it4j mpf9lh : combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec+2m hmqm1 h/ke/ fde3 riih:j8tric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M a-zuute)a-hlh*3c 3p( g gr*dW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 yq ,:d vy)q 9.5c za 8dfp,y;ziji:mbpMW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effic6g y6h9wi u:-trhobj/iency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficien 6c02 arpgmz6r/(kkgw cy possible for an engine operating betwe wr(g gk6/kpz0rmc a26en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What/n ki89x-irwi s3fxq t05guc 8 is the temperature of the cold reservoir if 5u - f88w cqixgii3/ txnr09ksthe temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between shq (g8 *v)abxfg gls8. xtlaa:g:5b;$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freef;ddeze wph 6l,) c;*yzing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per d)d;elpze;* cw y6f,hcycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate,/de.k(y/) x2c q9(t5ovb zihnvquq k of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance/. b(u(n ozd c vqi,)9k/vexytqqkh 25?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrig e1 v08z5uduvm( 6ypdo8mui;3 mm0fcterator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freeyfe1zum;0 8m5o vv0mdi(mt8cpu u36 dzer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change i 6ha: nesa cnjm1/1wd2n entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropys5mr jr0ug2 a( r5l8 c0ahdln,*wjx3b is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal ex bv*k7 y9hif 0ix17drbpansion and its entropy i kf7byb1 v09i xhr*d7changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at f z oi;t10vs3i-wcn -m$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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