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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on,:vyq8ygf q;wb4 bzv, the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no ch6d3ldb i3-c4jbcngfpu j5-j(ange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther.b q a2he1o: kxi:7hc2p)xprvmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperature/fk ajrs: 73zxz w2c1: u ntomwy7-qa61c zy r mas26o7u7xjkf: :3azwn/w-qt. This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermallb t x4f*, u+h8lbgt+ptt: g8esy from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expende p*hte+bs4+8ugt, :x ltf8b tgd by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed*xsk u63y.b ue to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. Th*x .ke6u3bu yse final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20y fiv.jjzh36 h fsv:u5)k1 oq5 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statef vukojhz : 561q.fv3hjsiy)5 ments is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the e2yluddcy/5nfkd c *nak+92c1 o dg,t2vent, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This p /un+5,kt *2g 2kc ccddfnda y9loyd12rocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod k5xk p2(lynncn7q2)ikh1b4 uynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volu q1 s0u 9otl3aorc6ld0:lxt+kme during an adiabatic process. The fi rk3tx c0ld oo9+t6a0qsl:u l1nal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders qzgcp9ghx7. utzxo7e0 ua l.y5 )+sa;of gas identical in all respects except that one contains 7qezxca;)9o5s0axgu.puly+t.zg7h $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excr :lqio2qm)w d+6r) caept that one containsar)+q )r q6icd: m2owl $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is b7 fu) *e/qhozan


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chafq7cvr),36a smosl)(t og u d;nge in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,w (p),dmm7xbo .tay6 u $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is q8wbpseit25ula3/7tadded to it. This process ispt2 ws85a ue/lqi73b t

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at+rhdru2p-. hr constant pressure. As a result, t2 dr .urhr+h-phe internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thqc8c h vo49wuz/ ,-kine PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no cha-eyd-i mg0r t)0f7qxv:tu2 tynge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodypyz004lsgvz j:96oh d namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat )so bt8zyvks,b4x (ye3i 3w9bq o1h/wenergy is added to it. This procesi4bw3h8wozbsy ) 1 3x ,vqe9y( otb/kss is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consta e.tsrij9 t,x(rad0x.nt volumx0er(a,jxirt .d9t. se. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thft3f:w g g)bzl1rarq.pb+7:b ermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot g 8.zqe :o k53h*yrrgpua.ev7 reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot rese/pt;yy u* 7jhm2mk8m: yg*)l jxc wn0ervoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of the0 q5ewq .p: dmio47tskrmodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken throu3-sqlhp,1to b4 - bf3or vf5sqgh the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work isqfo,tsfb- 3 4hb po q3sr15-lv done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a hl: .p19iihnweeat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effiez1/8 iwi xp.aciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must weip8a 1 z/ix.be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis jn2 ).dgua yox5o*(6fvip:tsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement ofg+tx )ecpejt7ehrb7+e+s* z7 the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of pecm3 qe ,uq7+wxrformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oqq+ec 7 3umx,wf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (jkmu 6n;z5nsz(p ( 6ybCOP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wgt4 tp*g t:nu)xwc++qkp/k 3t2 mdpx,ater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proc3.bqr jil6c, em.vov8 ess that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices ab,ev.v i63l jm.8qcropplies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statemtbvpazynwef* rm;+c-/-*7h ment of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads usj, k7, lip2t n)ejjus)mdp/n3 to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat ikhdjn0 -kv +z)s removed from an ideal gas. What is the chakk+d )h nv0zj-nge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal processkj (dz9(b8sg(0 gbnp r, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work 8g bb9zs(jkn rp0((dg done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermbf/xe8o/4 9sx .tzsowal process is -400 J. What is the change in inte9wo8xb/oz t/s.4xfsernal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing asvp*l11s .lw y gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of s *.pylvl1s1wthe gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic prxc xk7tn,2w9rofv7c 4bl n0vn 9:*k wuocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal 2wl79:,nw74nx vbk crvfx9o0ck*ut nenergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric processe6p.r( 2dm+te ev n0s ikxvj/., the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work don0jt 2di 6emv+(r./x spvneek.e?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internayf) 8uxw.rf wzoj(18 il energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat excho 8iyf fwu1zw.x8 ()jrange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monat d47 86rna0fvzu;zvbg omic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. Td r7g6bvuzz0a8 v4 f;nhis feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant voluf0jz)9+y jz sd7lq,ir me when 831 J of energy is removjl,sz )j 0i7z 9ry+fqded from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water atc ty73nc(ul(*j qi dw( $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J ofzo)bg xvf8t1r o38x6s heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the 61v)box8t zo8xgs3r fefficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiencyz u z8x+:yly2e of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform z:zex lu8+y 2yin each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of ;-lx)n(cx qnc+ q4oh mqc. gi2heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eachl;cx)q.hcqgo - 2i(xm+q c4 nn cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. hn rrxos83l3( Calculate the ers3 onxl(38h rfficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorb qtl6 )i.+:ery dtuo0 20mabavs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work don :lab v +6io 0.0)tdyqr2uemate each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engineoryh2gqs6s6 jgff)ti2r2 0 8rs built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature 2i2 6jrf6 rqrhs2fos8)gt 0gy= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficgu;i5y)k,9it,nq uf q ient engines built so far has the following characteristics:5,, iqf uuitk9ngyq) ; combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristilsjwzxdya4 ,vo1 k/ty,mk6- j ;trh ,(cs: combustion chamwm(kh d;,yv1r z l ,yoj-/ ,a4jtt6xksber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electm( ,uh p36sdhnd; xnxhp9 w7*iric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates i*0v7hnqot*h a .adx(g il9s2b hu;4k600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 60 i2g tt 9d(z+sr 1bz4t8z+ilwb0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine 9ibbe ; d.ng*,)8iwcnsn-bbzwhich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretiu j1zxky yh s6a0t)h;.dfyu4 -cal efficiency possible for an engine operating between u; 1xs6-d ktay zj.4u)0yy hfh$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is v)edl : ytm -m3y9- 5j*wjujby35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reseyjbmmd:e )j9-u l5 vjyw-3*ytrvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweec n698cxrn2m mn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at thzxhpy,;fa)1) rrbr d,e rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in e hfrzr, ));1arpydx,b ach cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at th2ha/ds.*oh0e) ctyh ee rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient oe*ea /scd) 2ho.thhy0 f performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator aqqn+93 rk: :6dpa:t)jj nm ( jnbrekw4bsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input ib w n3 : mj6qpr)kjqjr+td(ea4k:9:nns required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g o)4,x nyq0jton f ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice f z; dk2okd ,4)ew1fvbpta+u;zreezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP unist 07 re8vz x3*pmu b22o97 rholvdjy)te8t9dergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy 8d2 8ete0r m 3j*ro)psvl7yu7th otv9b92 zxichanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at //vf)hp/ah :d xq2sku$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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