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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph p 9+w.kcpd0lw; tl)uk is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no ch0i5mhyc1 ix zi rd16yhz y2f46ange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamk,x3-com iy8 uics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volu6 e2vfus9vwhaedj,/eh05 2zfn:. ldo me with no change in its temperature. d.avle 0hhz29 :jwv, en5d6sf/f2 eou This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During.aki-zfsy 5: .v7n nddfu(jv* this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is nn(k*zj7svdd y:va.5.u iff-the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duriq t-0jd0u87bsw9p xlx ng an isothermal process. The final pressu0 98q dt7-pux wl0sjxbre of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L ytd l2 gi3a*6ka3llvh9o2 ,pyto 30 L. During this process, 6 J of en6 ltvh9lg l3 pid3o2,y*aka2y ergy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, ths/m1.3ihqaw 5ow;o nce gas exchanged no heat wscqmwih3. 1/;n5oao with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of lm c4*a ;qo/erthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is cocn l/rb9zo-q7-ckol 7mpressed to one-half its original volume during an adn r b79q-o /clkz7lc-oiabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all gjt01 xo0y2d ls7b8jnrespects except that one contains 0 dg2s81onx tj0y7lj b$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all resp2nmp2j mj:tcycq229+fhp1 pbects except that one contains :hj2 bcq2jntmc 2fppy12p+ m9$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on )k7h,k x t+milthe PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change )sqi 1.fy z+kgls0+t ogn10 mnv 8bz6oin

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o a bx- b/gzcc7 2q25,grq/gt/*j rajssf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure asrs17.7jw1ok9gw+ h ns: hrcsz heat is added to it. This processww s:h jsgr7srck+1o1n97z .h is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal 1rmdwg8p 6gmx2y 2s9*bcp5 pngas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of 58p*nmx gbp29 mpr26 1sdgywcthe gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th7vsu81xujcdr)h p+ mmd hgi*,5wu34ue PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, ther,kt 1zh0l*hh8l (usx ke is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tb 36ec i+krel-9dgs.yhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid cof++ers ila0dj,h97 crmu . r1u,c;ylbu/ka,mntainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. e,l ra1u.,c/y 9u0 bk hij+u;rr, ldf7msamc+ This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are)n6np7 ga .pmv transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a r7pn.gmnva)p6 esult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of tm aqeul8;2- ppy3 q*cbhermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer he(w imcq:yr s4g1t +x6iat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat5pl 7u ap4/jr+nhtbr n1*adr/ from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynacdx-xzwi i+1 w mk68ntg33so4mics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through lyiv.lh kk+ 88the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an .8yvk lli k8h+engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat enginv/(iu5)m8;27le ooidnahee je is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a-0 riuf n kh82n53 zejqh.3pjb Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustuf. -h ikenn 8zjph 3jr2bq530 be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists1k 6* suw v qogtm 8ophn.4s8(2rabc:e of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second la ju49ha:5fcj*(: d 0mka qbcnww of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfor1l)(5 0w gf(y-y l9gfwllvans mance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of1fls5lla(( gyly)vg 9nw w0f-

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is 9j9gu3juby wu: 1qoa*defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, t.fxbalv5u.tqsk 3 4* whe entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second *,girv ntb 4w*law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated sys t*nr, bi*vg4wtem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the sec5ze(1z gkx 2jwond law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamicmc-e7x)h4q*o6e lsoqn3o:h ws leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 Jq a8 y5nlx8 +qqhl;rvmy.1 mik2zf(6h of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy 1.5+q8mlv niym 2qzr y xh68a(kfhlq;?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removebw rn:5,h sr;m: 4j;.c;lfa , yssxjwud from an ideal gas. What is the work done in tyfc4, ;j:wx5j lr;.h;, sbnmaswusr: he process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal iqj i+r :5q o tl9/tp-2ztd8fdprocess is -400 J. What is the change in internal energy?t zjqi2do+ : /9dp iql-tt58fr

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done inv8t2(-wc 7ideltjy6 (5qpw y s compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of th cyyw-tji(6lepvw57 ( d8tq 2se gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25xp kdd07nb*s3 J of work. What is the cha3bn kddp7*x s0nge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy57wnf q tr *.tq6qut0fy1:bve of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work donqre0y:*fuf6tv 75tq1wt bn.qe?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the /o+a2rk :rx 2p9phi bei5c2w kinternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is trabkikp2orc2h / x:i p9+5we2 he heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at conzmoe51; noqr f5,b hb)stant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is ac1;z bnfoe5), r5moq hbcomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 5,gb7bd s9: cijj lv,jk89 mcvow):6nu0 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas a9cg9 8j:i,mlkvwn)o7 d,js 6uvjb :bcre in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water q/l3n m 5/i. kh7rpx6,xxulonat $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What/ fsk5t:p/enoo.tpf 4 is the efficiency?fp .ontt45/:ops e/kf

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rec/ bd d8smlaur.z(06yihb ei :)eives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in h/i d(ab8l r6. bzy0: dm)iuseeach cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and,)c ig9zr3 h a ah(rs3ld.r;wd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat 3hd,ws idr; 9)zaalr 3h(.rgcdoes it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 k4rb)gs(kik+g5jzb +mtb ;hz7 cal. Calculate the efficiency of eacgkhkz4+r 5bi;s7(jz m t bb+)gh cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle agqs:k +76dqjh846cq7 tayjy lnd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate8j7ts 6q7 khqdl6j+4yg cqa: y the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so 9sqi 7g+v*mawgp8m5 pfar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatuq 7g8 9psmg i+wm5p*vare = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines builk3kg*1 :nfitwt so far has the following characteristics: combuki1n:ft gw*3 kstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristi-:7 j.2dsco1 k;zsvkgtixtfns 627w1 w xg7rycs: combustion ch7gxv2c27s.ysrw 61ixdgkzwj 7st -f1n t : ;okamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e5qpq i0:(l+vsg4scz nlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genet(d1i2vp- gkj rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant used)hu5bv kp 5m/)ozk5jgud,3 tu0b *dl s $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betwee cc.9py uny8j,n $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency r1.o ipha3u rt03kwp8possible for an engine operating betwikp a hr308w.1tr3u opeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Car -.fhlz m*yo; m,eryt+4 vv5ws dq0z4enot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir yeytm v4os.mqredz v+h*,l-w45;zf 0is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betu .7hm 7evxwrp5s,ca5ween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ a:7 *zkunsdj/ y;*pz rund ejects 24 kJ into ap7z s/ud*jrz:n uy;k* room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratggqu-y3i4.d /9oszft e of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance? 9f4gy/tgdsq .uo i-z3

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigedz.bajv:0 8s mof 1*vbrator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input imdf ba*zj ov1bv :0s8.s required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy w(p j, a+je he5wk*jx x6bu22okhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freeojgi65gk kwh,4l ;nr: 8 4pxvrzes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an bzo ,a z :6uomc-2dejx05qxr,isothermal expansion and its entropy chang: ,aq5,2zxbm 0eouxz j co-dr6es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 8n upykqx /z*6z (9nro$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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