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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onn: rhkz4pb:ip +qlqc g w3 *0+al8+ktr the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, the pa/x)k+gij a.re is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther)m8gyt;to+k,t-gbl* dt r zz 6)nj s2rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume withgx f,9i 7:a5ujur nd.xt5i+eh no change in its temperature. This procesih urd+nu 9fx5eg 5i7:txa.,js is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compresse74e- p4 jta6lsrio )lkd isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of es74paoj6 )ll4 re-tkinergy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressedq /qlhuf9;a1gr tvmmc:5 n3) .7vuy*fa e( cei to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of7efy;e/5 u).hval a m m fg3c9qnq*(u:itc1rv the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded izmu6ba m35sah +sdzc4 b)9cnhcm2d5 7sothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of ener4san5 mumhdsc )+c7 56za3bdh z92cmbgy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compresbbr13 1(oqk zh.qo+ dbmr0a 3ssed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrouoor(313 kqzd.m 1qb+a s0rbb hndings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,3m1 rbqv j,6pfckc9u; $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half 1ez2ghj8gs pu: x mgiz6ffxcc -51/0 iits original volume during an adiabatic jem1 hg zs-5:c/82 p0fgizuxcifx6 g 1process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylindersli 6mo;*m 350gfusyzm of gas identical in all respects except that one containsgiy6mom zum 0l*fs35; $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gzas(0b fjw7 d3as identical in all respects except that one contains 0j(3dfw z7sba $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on om1z6 xdw9b z ft4cp; ++atar-the PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, 0) 7gt f 4dg8wkqoclq3there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodt5;bo6b(hsx u ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant press/x,nlh/ 2rj m7p0innvure as heat is added to it. This process is0 mhi7lnnnj/2x/p,rv

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at x 2o,vbqwr*5vconstant pressure. As a res5w xr* 2vvq,obult, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on +hp-o*fs4: efgbtnsx b8 9*ip the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process4)gyw m5 ede2ax n)ze8, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics( d lm 37gigsf(w+rqm9, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a m/;z te3 db.mcrigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to itzmde ./m3c; bt. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cz uobv3xo,ri7+ 4:hv :o 4vtzuonstant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the4 , o+vuuoxtb: 7 rz4z:vio3hv gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynaq s990 wz)laotmics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservo , +7zkphhwgo7wlie;:y d+aq5ir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservo g 4cjyz 3+hog(f3hv3lir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordig9v.gs .t (opbng to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muzfl-r+ ahz)2 l,e zk n0l idv60qdi29z+:kuzvch work ind2)z 0v 6-vq++a: dk0rfkuz 2lzzlzihe ,l9is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is define gi cv.-(u i.ipiaea:2d as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, thezm+w 0 vt-h suu,gd),r heat sink must u tu0rs,v-w gmh+d),zbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists of.;z htqlk nvqt-,t5id4j r 5s,

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement i:rmn6u - 8rl4z-j hkaof the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined asp+d4athvc ( z; the ratio ofzvac+4 p ;dht(

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is d g3ncy rvh3c22efined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wa8e98s yi qlk tdz7g()+s*hnp ater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the secheomj0vl.* jo: w jut:(c ,k/uond law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated e, jhwv/uc:(o.t j0:u* lkmo jsystem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynam8*kju feih 08xics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermon.oz n/fe(n)p zn 62xhy )emq4dynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5. u)y:pgihoh. *o 51gtr0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in interohp y*i1g tu ).5:gohrnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remove:j, m qz,-)pl7jqh tzvd from an ideal gas. What lm,- p)7hvjz tqjzq :,is the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process iy2gru ;1(i1ub0hl :6tozl5hw f b-ewos -400 J. What is the changb- rtl (lh0;guybuow hio :f512w6 ze1e in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. f/- suvi*go, ccvn :jp5ee2e0What is the change in internal energy ofnv/cc ejep -sve5g, *i02uo: f the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What al6uh,e6zpmin -dz 5rh7 l8.yis th- e5lzu, zmp 8 h6ayn.7ir6dlhe change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 5 s+4+ideg t* lsb9ow2l0 J. What wt *9glbio d4+l+ess2 is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internllt(+jz p /-xdal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the het/j-xd( lz+ lpat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at cdxg6 n 8*gfgbu 6iodbuc+ gd*xt 97a9.onstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat i.a9*cuo6bnd*ig9 dd8 gufxg x7+gb t6s accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant vox9 4dxv*o lx +o.(bkmflume when 831 J of energy is remomb4xk* (fvo+ od9l.x xved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 vmjs sn,sk aej7 *lnb3(q8 z vu(i9t;:kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J m6 4yle fw 6i1 :5swta0g:ykha0e q8tzof heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficienawef::80 5y1yqma6tei 0z ht6k4wgsl cy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% andnwq b;fa2mu5j 7h5+9pm9mvs cxv/oi0 receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in9uwi0f 5x; mqv v9j2+ah5scpbmo 7/m n each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat ucbcr7m u0z0hu.y7c ;per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycleu.0cuc z7cb0 mur;h7 y?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 e)reiw7)9 .os q 1a9 zq7pbvrnkcal. Calculate the efficiency 9 rpsn)qoa1b zq r79).ev7iewof each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of xqlsf8::r4fl heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the w8ffr :: ql4lxsork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so fa4mcl x w .+(4iscskrc0r has the following characteristics: combustion 0rcklimcxw (s.4 cs 4+chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristics*1 nskpncp, 0t: combustion chamber tempertns,*c1kp0 p nature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foll4oe2 d(6 fmwnmlnbz16 5( ixugowing characteristics: combustion chamber tempeu6 n(zgf2 (ie 4bmln5omwx6d1rature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec3 f.ftfj jyceijb8j;cc3 l-9-tric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr)aao sk3ctreev /1wep67asp3v.*m op y;y71ric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ez3a.mwfcg (z2jm + kf9lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency sd mna5a7-s8xof an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pos1/+. 4l wke-by8 bsjve goiw7wsible for an engine operating betw.-v4 /obe w1wegly+ j 8siwk7been $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Cu w.gyptg4xbcn,3 vl)ljp ;,*arnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the ty lg luw cjb,4vtpn3x, g).*p;emperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating *xw-bog 7jyl t o,)r6va q+e.wbetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat v/sl):0m oovj from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejoj)os :l0/m vvects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compa7h 3b,;ondi *+hakwjq rtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejq*3ho+,kn d j; a7whibects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of hea **(48qbdk9 gpjeicl zt from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input i*g9(4zbiqkj8l* pcd es required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in en8gh mu;x:w39/j9etp ppdwcgw 7h )6 vgtropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy i1r/ou mqo39us s

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an is,ms g6alu b)5aj v94:b hif(hwothermal expansion and its entropy c(59ba va4ugj: f smblwh) h,i6hanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at wv3 j ;8 7*lfjus3qpow$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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