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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on djef,7c 1r9vke(d ) nc2dq)kf the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, theu*tom/nj0b:2gx jef dx8n p .)re is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami-q68 rh vrdyor7)8y rycs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in itskq y/ ms7j,q3cqg(bk, temperature. This procj,3k ,(qkyb/ q7s mgcqess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During tbm . r4y c1z;qs q,;oehd5vay(his process, 6.0 J of energy is esc,qz5ame1.; vb(y; yqhod 4rxpended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half ;yw1fmw6)hw- mn,lfxits original volume during an isothermal procewwf6;yw l mn ,-xm)1fhss. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this proce: iqpcnff)qa f7 o)1p:)1eon jss, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechan p:aq poo11 )ifn f7jf:ecn)q)ism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compr4n :z k:iqtfetj( us4es:)ps8p75qvu essed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heateft8i4s(p tn7z): u4 seq:p u5qksjv: with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thq6g(lh,ia)f/o 3.s4p-vj lo:**lm mtthfj m aermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origien o 06kpw(o5v, gci/inal volume during an adiabatic process.65w v0i np,/ci(oe ogk The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except thatig5 h;23:m0 yxdmulvt one containsil md30:ygm2; t5x uvh $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all acvmku, .b.aq c(e :f j7rl4t/respects except that one contains:7tc.,lmfjq4/ea vu kac(b.r $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is k.h)f9q3:pdhk8/vlxviz br. an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change inacu 75 e,z1x+sgl9 sa6t 9bzuc

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn kq02aga01z/heys11u i )xvc zamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at cvr: i /q 4suh*45y+dx- xgryh q8arz9sonstant pressure as heat is added to it. This pru:s9d8hy4x- hqs+xr/4gya r 5 zviq*rocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal a 1 s4 c9rw.xjokkm l-so7g34fgas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal enr4m9s o.3lgaw f xj 7c1k-4oskergy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown ony)tzk;h3z x4 sof.8lz1foli7.z7iud the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proces+5+fw/g d-9 hk.17h(;rf zdh jtc.yypays j jjs, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody, euq huc/y4y;v :+ufwv m+qf09skd; gnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is a.y eb(b3i:a sodded to bs o:ab3.e (iyit. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idealepaqfsm*z 7+ qyd nmm.-ih7( n6xm9 ,o gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy ofm,xm7p9qon- yaef q(z7hmm6.di+ s* n the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod eqakv.el fvd0l6+-j ;ynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot res -a(q jba554jnfnudo ockte: -8fa2;hsp v30 tervoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot-6qsq uk1w1 ko reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law fme(fwnr w:71of thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cyc:otsqwqt:3hnyu8 e 4 :mmwm 5-le, how much work is done hq-ntm4t: qwo:we83:s mu5myby an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thbxq4a:/ 4vqj7oqkmeu x/2c*/ esy +vce ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnoto4t.9e a649 w arxyqfb engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must b 4wyf b 69a4o.axrte9qe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists 8;r5cpenb -ktkz*y/j of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodx2)aa6b gg,2ko jb3jdynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfoi6e s :dbi6yrxlg(u21lhz;8 y rmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofdy zly6h(:ir b1 u6xe;8slig 2

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as 1;bj.hatb se: d6ot;jgb, tn: the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the d +()xr6+h::l bhqurkmeipi9 water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proces2k .idjjx 5i:d.nfxw3) g6n nhs that may occur within an isolated system, which one of d ).n jin6fxn:5djg3ki2xhw.the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamickv;4 -cjcjuf4df rjtc,zl8fy ks su:86)n)r2s.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamiatm * .p4bo9fzcs leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whaj35- 0cvoestd t is the change in interna-j csd03tvo 5el energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealz)0m6dxn3oj b,m.l4khwt 8db gas. What is the work done in the processbh8.6x bj)wl3 k0n ,z4tom ddm?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process ige9y/ 6gv8jq+nzxnv :s -400 J. What is the n yng 8xe/ jzvvgq6:9+change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is nk ds;bde8; ,jthe change in internal energy od,knjbd; s 8e;f the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while /2sr(o jk2tshdoing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal esokr2 2thjs (/nergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal eao5m-u;(vgvpp pkf1* wo0)ip1 pt z5energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What z)p w;tv5-pppo1p*igkfe5 (ov0uma 1 is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system doq5a k/40 ev-lj xmjus:9 0ktjecreases by 50 J. What /9jskkml v0xjauj:t0eq4-o5 is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas itx m)ov6(nd3 ps maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished (omv6 t)n3d pxby removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K a ab:xgoha;oht; ve9e5g2j4of2 gdn**t constant volume when 831 J of energy is removedneo;bh gt5:a 2o;vdg4*f*he 92jo gax from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kj b mh29h3trw.lgm ,/ng of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wha69hd kkw-e. btt is the efficiency-ketb6k.wh d 9?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an eff48non m:l 5oxb p+u enm.i2x5ficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it performn8mp:un + 5 2o 4libo.me5xfxn in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 1(,t+o 7ktl i eftyn08v50 J of heat per cycle. How(t7yneit80v+ oftk ,l much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcp9oc 8 n ,yzf,pzgxs1-c9ep /jal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of ep/czne j8 y zg,-,ps9opcf1 x9ach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ea 07sl bafj7u *9mt)t3qpxb eh)ch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work donjab)q b xph39ttu7 )7*mse 0fle each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficiekhmxm+zpn 45 1nt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambz4+m kx p1nmh5er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficientf h*k:n me8nlf)z )hq.p.m wd4 engines built so far has the following characteristics: dl). .mn4 ff8n:zwp h*ehmk)q combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficit, z4hsd ;o-vyent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = syvdz -;4o,th $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant g:iaax ;g80pkej0jx +qi4hu 0wenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u*o *mm b/h,lxyses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW b;mpcft9vln, r0qa 3/vn o7 q;of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engink+giw v e6,r0 :yzkk7ze which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating bekq90znx . , xj8,:sgj ic,kjhetween ,kjcj.0 ,:x,gkjznhs8q9e i x $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatq16 -uu f4mjxpure of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir i4 mx f6u1j-qups $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweep-deuy*k8(6snxf9c o(.k pp nn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmentpubg:0;f ,o el6rk47 j3a xiip8a- cdv at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a r3u- iagkfep8 i,b4a6lx rpd 0v;:c7jooom per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing0mt de1l:g0t 6 5 ;q3hexqy1y.9)gm afkkegpl compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficientgtd)exm61eg0p9lg 3e qyaqkf0y15k. hm t ;:l of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a rm d 4 w6cc:q0dsow sznis w1;ja/p:e41efrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cyclecndzw;:p41:io 106w mqs j/ad sc s4we?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt at u 7y7vzq wnf7rrtany nin0r( w3:8/z-$0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in e5q,gbnpf-:x*5e b(r xtcgb(r exh39 bntropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an dxe 5fsmw)t)v2dfw0 j.j 5gh1 isothermal expansion and its entropxg ) tv51 ffd )mw.2sjw5dhj0ey changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at rao 9jhggq.sb4r.0 /v $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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