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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on z5 rdzdzq-8xr4l ,q;t the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chluw*5ey, (/rt ep5doa ange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn:zsxd e 6w7j(avdg(5c amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its t2q(f0bvy r)jpemperature. This processy0jrbv )q( pf2 is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermzdt* h gj2qu6q5 -h5mdally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of intermd6*qdht 5g-j2h5q zunal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed l0my zdr7x5bz .9ezq3to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process0y3z m975zz .lerqbx d. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. xc68q1j hm5kdDuring this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statemen6mkcdh8x15jq ts is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Duringudceur+ed nl71 )tpw1/ ygm ;- the event, the gas exchuw)l necdymg-et+ur /7;1 d1panged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod)j +z;zrzj9r*ysw/pa ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half ta .* 1n7;xepbkqcvuf, tb 1,yits original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the g7 pe1f1; t.aqbyun ,xbv k,ct*as

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exqft6o:ye25( 9zbq j fxcept that one contains6tzj (5feo yxq9 2q:fb $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ident rn, q+m d)-u ls-zusd0*-vz8jem.amwical in all respects except that one contains lr8zsmqs)du e-z0muv wj-.*m,ad+- n$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pwn4uj1b 7nl+(zh( s+tnob,tbpjev8 9(xc wd- V diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric procedwuw :0vw4 4ykss, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th) bvbob,e bj2s-s0h o8ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at :eeg 3j,gmq.t9j;4 zz tsy8acconstant pressure as heat is added to it. This procegzye3.z, ;qa s gjc:t9mj84tess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy arf zs0twt;-v raqkv0l0.kv*gui2/f ds- s +o8o e transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resulft0ssw vgfdk kq-8o0 i+z.v 0rv;-o/sa2tu* lt, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diadeu0i95crk (sf1 u1 yhgram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric processp0;qhrld0j / 9y dvg.52hrbz1w;keqo , there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamiz/fjv 2m/gsr 7lct(l( cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand anf,zzyupt b*048+ nl vi l,f5maf9 ia4s heat energy is added to it. Ta4v598+ iy u4nbzm0lf i,nf l,fz pat*his process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consd uk/db/8 fwl.tant volume. As a result, the intb .f/d k8dlwu/ernal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of t(oyuekh h64q 4hermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir taih : ls rr/an6z(5b+zo a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold r- 6-v k ye/3gndlvk1lmeservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordrqjc 4nk (td8h8q .mx0*p.q eoing to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle ill7)w0a)z)b/vf l ;l,ownwah ta ustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on tha)oa7 ,lwhnw0w)bza;) f /ltvis cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the g6f8yjp2r d;e1k u oz(ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effwj/316iej( l *yo ehzviciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink muy v (j6eo3/*1wlzjehi st be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofccwo kw1m m;lw7m7t;9

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynam 9bfp* ja++eplv7zvp4ics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP)+ (8ws89ugivfmsq/ef.ik1 xc of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofim98wk8fs xi (c1sg+ .q/efu v

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (Cak .t tfki;xm 3f)/et8u9y i syydg q23;vtc:7OP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wate0zwr *ix.7 fg + ,gpo(v+dcws9xpq mgg)fk1;vr

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for 7zczd..m gvbrn( 6gh8any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the chogg6 zzm7 hrdc.(.8vb nices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of thesj fln0 ;x6ow+ second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics ,t ep28qr4vzdwvcmr bk- kjt/ m)1;/cleads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proc3j;p /(hxz5nv7m;ke rccazp 2 ess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is thez2p3pmv7a;kjenx 5crh (; c/z change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hesc 5w 9 xe,u 3p/h.h::pzcfeblat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work dbe hu3 /:w:c pc ,fhe.sxp5z9lone in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas 9kv:gxnr w6mdsygf,,78z61 w jmt-by system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the cha s9wny1 8mfkwdtbgz7y j,:g, r6x-m6vnge in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas ad,d0b0 govh-d1br nn7 2y+jl qliabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the l g7h+j2n-rbd0 l by,n0ovdq1gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process o;u*phnqb3c)while doing 25 J of work. What is the chanhupc oq n)3b*;ge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system de,vzh wk/inx ,)la.f 6mfstcg3 ;e/ p;zcreases by 50 J. What is the work do6x3 l;h/tfp gv ;f/)i,,s . mezzkcwnane?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of ax,,,xyr3zny ci7h gk( zvxk; p-2zx1g system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchangek ,k, 73y;vph-,zxr(ci1 nygx xzgzx2?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant 82 ; p-qf2 p5x/ic)srqbd sxsw/pu2 tavolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done/qp/spb ;f2sax28) c -qxp w2s5tduri by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled bhrdac :uw 5s7vs77ig,df b0sh4 )u k-ly 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. 5 afks:bg)su7r0ldsv w7 -h, 4udich 7 How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 k. .ul2h rwb3gjg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J;a +m2wrh g,i(zzap,1uoomz 3 of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the eff g3,moah(wzpzi ;u zo+ma1 2,riciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle.3rte84) zznz39c w xgr How mun83x3 )49z trcrzgwze ch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pec :v(yjhn-* vuivba/y8 lph(cvb 7 ge4ss +(:xr cycle. How much heat does it ex:( (vh8sv+ejnlbcp-*(bxvy: 7 4ci gah/u vsyhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ekfo )( kci(0 ug:uzrop i5za1-ach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate tp iz:a0r5 c( g)f-iook zu1(kuhe efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 k.l dq -fz u9 elbu9gxyi0;.8wwcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work d9e-;0uil8.l x9dqfb z ywgu.wone each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterist: .jv / 66plj/ af ph9hzfo2k4cwe+yzqics: combustion chamber temperature = 4e. /hhp+/vpok6f62wjz a c9 y :qljzf$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so f-xola3 h+i t+aar has the following characteristics: combustion3 ah-x+ tioal+ chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fob e hjtc *rlwb*ao6cg9 g4l(-;llowing characteristics: combust; l6 -clte*bg (9gbc 4a*jhowrion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow/l -k2 oc2fwqmiaot 41er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thesa-n /v7w3g 5 o4dwduc plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electri4:)o r5 m3fjsgviyg3f c power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot eas9-vhp)dj c*n-zg )rx8 yb.afficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency/9 (elylfkdr s62w8r6* ggaq b possible for an engine operating betwe6fw(lsegld6 2q yr/ bg8a*k9 ren $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engii8 3j.ubudw2b e -pbk18wa.hxne is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoirp23abu1b d8.hu jki-w. x8eb w if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatingdf rr+f/szwx)e id v3) zb2k.5 between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the free5f6m -g eezvil2dk fgs ,/jf3/zing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is e m-gd/z/ekf5lif j ,s2vg3f6required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezinwido4c)dcbtc4go +5 .6u+ ygzg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ andc 4idgoocw 5+c. + 4b)du6ygtz ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J57m eqd ;57 2 wjlr/gtn 5mhrwj9vq:pt of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required 7 tqeq5r72lrp;m5jjt:5wvngd/9mwh in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 5q/iq:lfo(-bnul8a- ss+w (f : atk7zv0 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the char)d, i.l;l -7bwv 6wvb2c tsaxnge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its+veom45(up*b k9c):c.wqgmo*5ycg jw y7ir y entropy *p *5cowb4 ymoyge k(:+)c75wmjy v.9r cigq uchanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at e 0c kx 2fl4v7vpqlo*0$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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