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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph i.2y6wx * fxvbhd:;cqt s an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is d (:d +tag;v)lr5vx mvy, e4aano change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamo o a5v khzlop9(e3v+.ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with non;rhsbk /po-w55i d1l change in its temperature. This proces5n5p / wkb-h 1ri;lodss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isotherma.fm7:tgdf19ju8( *hh.xh n9 + i xg4zuk dmimqlly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is i1k 9gfhf8mqh .t4m:*z . u7 nxumxgd(i hj9d+expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origawka67htdh +9m jgu1 :inal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure m6h1+7j9 uh:wak agdt of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durbbt khy6kn 7k9+x3r0 oing this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism tokb n97x+y6kr0t b hk3hat expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During tmlc 939433 sdnnugfdkhe event, the gas exchanged n c 3kdf339nlsg mun94do heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,e3 qny7xvyj7c brh1 ,9qce7g(w jn/.u $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gaz .:mck-- pcz,)d,5ojo 4carnl pp4g ps is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure ok ) ,,.-pg5 ocdzp conrzpl:j4mc pa-4f the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all 05j gp g (a9c*c6)gu xuxoby5qrespects except that one containsax6)90x cp ugoq5 j ggyc*5u(b $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders cg (sy-ngus1;hu3f-u of gas identical in all respects except that one contains;3fn c1u-s ug-gsy (hu $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the P-2qb i dl-uhc/1xvvhs-o7 ,pvV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chy p :e gq *w8 kwt2.i+,sidpyc0f20vskange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therr0,dey ;9kngwsj x )7fmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to exbt8d9 z46rb nhpand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process 49rb 6zht8bdn is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfa bvd193ah/ad erred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure./ad v3b1daah9 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diag)ik 0l7zite of5g14i wtbb 0*aip-fs+ram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change i un 6h7*21s75dmg7adv uk yqsin

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodrwxt54abiq3h 3jy (7 mynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined tozxiv1m v6rm97 a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added t9 1m6 vxirzvm7o it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfe tv*8r. allh mayuq/7)rred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a resula la*lq/ 8v)ut7r.yhmt, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law ofdjw2 x:, x:tz/jp j/f0ha4jqf thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoirc-4alsa.8ab /e1ufer ?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot recm2 8auw75m i6gtx8cyservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accorers uv 8qw/x55ding to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mu uvrh gp1sbi c: 6(s4)ufmd33cch work is done by an engine oper)b1: ssd3 i6pg cv(murf3hc4uating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a h8,u s(be zfz nns47 mah04ly/zeat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, thep;jh0i j5gtf-u b +f118a ndak heat sink must-if1 j hgbufp;k8d5+1a atnj0 be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiy7hc0u . -malksts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law s2dxvu ik7 y5t (y)(pjof thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is d5z.ukc (yhu k2efined as the ratio o(h y.uuc52zkkf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perforbfjsh :.z/z6:hpwep li34 w3u mance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy chq)yr 6i7;wwz8k7 c36ib )e xmsxji4of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may oy+ xhsawu4plub5)( a+ccur within an isolated system, which one of the (yapw ul+sha+5b x)u 4choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law l k15 c,ky1v+ex4f s4c, wdbmuof thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude4v/1j04ldwbeflc f .f that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal )l1m bk( gd+gzm 3z-voprocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in iob)gd31l+ mvzzgmk (-nternal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remov ,he)v 23igmqu 2*y:aix-wzb ked from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the processqv:xi2 i-yw bza),u*mh e3gk2?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideale3( - gi57hj la,3yxlb3d:6s agexx2po ta /sn gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the changedy32x3h-jle (eoabn,x x6sia35/ l s a:7ggpt in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatical 6(b,sh9 wksk7o 8qzc7(hcffkd*jpuku6e;; u ly. What is the change in ifc;7, 97*khkkdke( u6bzfosuh6c u sq ;jp 8(wnternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoeshd/tgy8j t5pticn9(ird(1g 1 an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal ehn5j/811i (ttpti( gdy9dgrcnergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrea) 4e2zcwl jyp -annplxxc06 (;ses by 50 J. What is thel-x;znn2 ppea0 jl cwx c6y)(4 work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. vs)0:a5ct po huci-q;s39 s ytWhat is the heat exchangst3c- a9 0iv:cy su;h5to qp)se?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is 4lx/:qj.tyda-gely 8 pbb3lf3aa+ /a cooled by 50j-+e :ltq/b/l afay 4 ayd. 3ax83pblg K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 8o/ o a zw ieiz:w,9r9*c3ukt(z31 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the samplw(o 9o,3i/ uatzz:9krzwe c*ie?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 qjm osnh, 3k,9k ,c0sxkg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 Jh5ueq ;w+e4p j7j,ze b in each cycle. What is the efficiench j,47uw+; jeeqp5bez y?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat epms/fpq8wk :p(70g eper cycle. How much work does it perform in each cyclgk:w0pfpsq/ ( e m78epe?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivey/ brxiu 0:lo/s 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat dolrobu /:y /xi0es it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts );hiyqm(sgh h6jvv35nhc s;;)xz 0a/ hdu8hg42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eachz ;gy)xhhu;si gh ;/d06c m3a(5hhqv8vsjh) n cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs jlh:odyb+ .-gc t9)gm64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wmgb9jhy: )-d g.c+tlo ork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charad5qvzj,op8 ao 3 wp+igjcn .89cteristics: combustion +,jc pwao3g8vonjpd5q8i.9 zchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engfz(:0 dgifs2 so6m7xpines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temi0 spf(m :dx72sof6zgperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines b /5 i*(ddlo vlec65ew y1tu v,g(lju8xuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambue5u6wji(vv,1(gx oyde8 /*lctd l5ler temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powere8p;v9goc oa*. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u*k ;rd*un x0zlses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genera a iri:*mzhzsd45y:2 u,d)qg ntes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which opem+af4 l*6+2tn ctxu8khhchg :rates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum the;amtl 684 j 8rbdjhlg,9icjw0oretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwee m 4,ji g6tjllbrcwa;j908h 8dn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the coldzh8ev+oyjio ;r b:7 34x.b*e;fu o yaz reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is uy87 hvox +z*yeoir;.:bae;j3b4 o zf$500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinlfe+h s1e l0o7g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of.066o r 6io9snw gsylo 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into wn66g0 .s96oy osoilra room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate o t9cy neak,wwq o 9t)vp4:88ey5vaz1 nf 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roqv8)yze5a nncypt ,8v a w9t:ekwo194om per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refri+jh4x bi ln zp,n97j5rgerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How muxnl p4r,j+9ji5 7b hnzch work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entrop+i q yh2r.qio:y when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change inyod.jgs m( 9-q*jl.i0ho x 5jki9g u8c entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an ifh+x0vg 2i:i*2kak vcb/ ej; ksothermal expansion and its entropy changes b0/jkakf+*2 hev;xgb i:2vikc y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at vlq(xk (+ajkz27gsct0 s-d5a $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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