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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is qgkc1 pit9*n d7l;d o9an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thc3 0atoy*iy, n3g;g9 l8qs dvpere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thep.m ou(z216ut7tb ogp rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperature;* gic0s3uicq . g*0scc3i;q ui This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from khw,dza2;,itn 0x na 4ge.s6o30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed .ag, tsw;e26n,0 ihnzxdao 4kthe gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orilz4;mvo vbt86 y tyxfk22s;h ,ginal volume during an isothermal procvvh2 tfxo;6k4m ;z ,2st8yylbess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durict21bc yy 2o5xng this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expande1ctc byo 522xyd the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated eneledy2qn6 0 ,.cyyjw*zv7u/bvironment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thl/ujy 6e.y2,*0bv ywe q 7cndzis process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyntq t :6gmzi(m9amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to onsr i8ovs+l*a9 e-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure oai*ls v8+sro 9f the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all + n q1)o n-lez;mp8zbwrespects except that one contains n)1z;lb o-+qemzp8 nw $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders ofqf:)gd0cafbvgm/yj) n(-3 xj gas identical in all respects except that one contains )q(j3 gga0f- b/dv :ynx)jm fc$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is t5im.9 je+vso)p;4taskus.ciz kl( , an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there24vb0+dz5nsh , svkd+ thjlnov *b2:v is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the).(cnqq,noe qrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant press a- n*ja96jiymure as heat is added to it. This process9-i *am6jaynj is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy alm sgudg)c1j h7z3d j9i+-0er re transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energyjg )s-ridc3e7h j0mglud9+ z 1 of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV .3me2pkqnf7/. q w ftifdy1/ wdiagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proce1e ,ceng- i0g 1z2x7bih.vsctn3* yx z a7s*lhss, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynaw;l.,wjl hg/ smics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid containerzu7cmh) 8zbs5 z5 hgn( that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Th cz zb5muh5 hs8(ng)z7is process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal j /t69a3wigg qxt)gv7 gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of t7a i)t3xgw69qvj tgg/he gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodyn5327y-ggx2s fbod)qaou c-zpamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tr1md 1hpj-j: w sl9qez*ansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfem6xx (p se(olf35tc 8*wkqr*ur heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynam3 a+gmf/fjuj 0ics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cci gmv,,) *wlbycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on th,lvb g* ci)w,mis cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rq6lnxr b;awa*29l.v ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat si 3dbm6gvte8d6 nk must vgde 8b6d6mt3 be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistl92k- f xay7ais of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the vd(.j3v4 dm w (2yuhyck6uv1lsecond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of pye gf5 bh.r7hn(;k8wkerformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o5r7gw n8; hfybk.hek(f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (CO-(k pcoi4 88nkncm 5rmP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrc.e t 6zmcd8md +: vbm2i(4fnlopy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermod- g)lo8)sroo m;80ywx 0fpqrhynamics, for any process that may occur within an ispfqm-o ro;88hl )0rgoy0)swx olated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamsg vi)j :ya61cics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leadx asr o l4c5hp1c-,:vas us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frsb6l t: o3:6vzmhe/r fom an ideal gas. What is the change in internal ene r tfm/:sl:3ov6h zeb6rgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of ov*q )+ci wwrgdqx86 6heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wor6q dv rowxgw)6*c+ 8qik done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -405w* gqgy 62ali1kbkyis (b8 )f0 J. What is the change in internal ene 8 i sb(wq)6gy*bfliy2kka 1g5rgy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done rft++ *,j 7f u28*vta,sx/squ etvzbt in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in u287sts*vxf/vt+*t j qtb,arz+feu, internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adrd)4x4o q6 ctjiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the chang o)6dtc j44xqre in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a s b(,lld;.k tw:ck( cxsystem decreases by 50 J. What is the wor ;sd(w cl(k:t.cklb ,xk done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system de zyfc8iuq654j1g)csy m9r(z:7dlrza creases by 50 J. What is the8 jz:r)47 s yi g y6dzc5ma(19clzrquf heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatv 4otbc9n(cd w;ff7 scoazy-1 e./p+eomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomploce.(1/ctw4p f+eva oybdsfc; z9n7-ished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant vo q2v*xm6 )vcfib ie5z7lume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the samplei)ive*26mbc zxf qv 75?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 le3 q*jm(r + zpaxg-m w+1j)ntkg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and 8/i fo,kri03y qq w4ojloses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficieqi8,3k 4qyf /ow0rjio ncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 Jvd4k5o w-b kyq7f )+ht of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in75vb-tw yk 4k)+ho fdq each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3: ree:xv 7wi xvz9p:c-+:ehjq5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muchx:xvzrvj7: :w q9e-:ep +ceih heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of h1drsw h6nexe/xpwk5oqe94 9 t5pm2n 6eat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyce/9kwwpot6ep2hr m 6d5x4x5 q n9n1 sele.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kca* s13pk /qqltal. Calculate the work done eaclqqta/pk*1s 3 h cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engineybt2 .s 9l)bga rh7up/s built so far has the following characteristics: comb hal7/2sg bu9 r.yp)btustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient 0:7imus nq) kotjm;*cengines built so far has the following characteristics: combustioi uo:t m7qk* 0)csj;mnn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the *j, n ;qxy5yysfollowing characteristics: y qy; ,nxy*j5scombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. qdcr+.rb4t s1bgahd1olq 2 /6The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plgbymns2y./ eo tavt1t)mj:8 (ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uir0r(a 3l sb5hses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot e at(nml(:v 3gb+i jj(cfficiency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possiz xu9 -w:u0 pe/poswj2ble for an engine operating betweesupopze u2 -x0j9:w/ wn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold1sdc h,:i.5quksd p (y reservoir if the temperature of t5 .ckduih(p1 :yd ssq,he hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betw24i2cv zicq hr87sw /jdllm 2)een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment hh2u(dg7 (u m8opfus:at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muc8u2sugphod(mhf7 :(uh work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezf4qv/oj/vrm4.ooq wc+ 4/ h,/ oeullking compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roooforv+j. ,/olwk eh4c4l uqqm/ o/4v/m per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of ymd15oi-p3x:ju *oef heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heatiumoe d 5*1f3:yj xpo- to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt at 9yapo u+9 sb9u$0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entroaenu* u)otn;z+tn-v 4py is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gac/1gf /tu ej1p;o4mn ms at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy change/1n gfm ju/pcemt;o41s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at df oogms9 jtg*k)ina -zb l4tx.; 14;y$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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