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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on ts * z4olzj;us9s0u)+ykp1oj i he T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no changlyl;kb9ekv,s v95phfb ))1zpe in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod) 2hcf.;ht*wrtx0c b* m jc2woynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volum qdy8fja l9 za8;*goe(e with no change in its temperaturej efg *;d8a(a9o8lyzq. This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thisrnp)86j. 6st fkf (wth process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressedn t6jf)kt(p6f .8wsrh the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hatgvo+ /ts)i 27a7ysc (saovi6 -bqb ;dlf its original volume during an isothermal procs7ad;soiv)7t- vbc(y+qtig /2so 6ab ess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durr(1 mn1r e2- tmlevyi;a3otef5 e5 sm;cr-:fj ing this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the externa:c;r-1i5 snevr1 3rta jmfeeltye2o-;m 5mf (l mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the e11 s:bk:zn pwf6txr6 g*jx:lrvent, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This psxtfwr:6 :g j1*l:x1n6zkb rp rocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicgx1 : qhwvfm*1f)mpy5s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compreyy+ :o n wzx3a0rp9h6ossed to one-half its original volume during an adxy nh 0+wo9rpoaz:6y 3iabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one co ((2vsxr2 4m;yc o-e.4xfz n v/egkaltntainszf( oa l xry(2 4nk-mx.4cges2tvv/e; $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identk)7b//(e( dpkdwakpqical in all respects except that one contains pq)w7pa( ebdkk (/d/k$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagjqkoxm(cy5p 6g m) i6r-c.8e eram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there i ttjp+vdmzsyub76(jch sz8 mz421-c dh;)v0rs no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoy bm a6f0v/f yc ufcl3;w57q3gdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. This e6/wb2oo7fmn yf.q 2uproce 26.qow2yf/b7fe un omss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy arq geip r (v+0bx2j0,age transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal e j,2a0pvr0iebq gx(g +nergy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dii ur7kx-2aqvst42r+u;0h i 3f tma-aqk)z2kq agram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chm(pjh :c-i6oeange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther.m-on3f ell8qfz3 l7 jmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as ht(/ns*(ic krm eat energy is added to it.i n/s (cmk(*rt This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cw,k ixr/lg vxihkv5 d wi1* d)xm759w7onstant volume. As a result, the internal energy ofxk7xdvimihkw w5*wg517 dx/9v,ir )l the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod n4yuzc 8ht:+q-jrcu2ynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heb6r4q0ic) 0w0o z zdtshki. r(at from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot rebenyqtm )-qg (xw:e*2servoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of ther8v:p akmxg *113uitg f hzm6o9modynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cymld mh(; v;wgphxs,6( cle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on ;dxvl (w;, 6hmm( pgshthis cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat exay m7z29+n e7a kda2*( qpqdongine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heaevl s,20qas :3tho4zet sink must2zeao 0v h34e:sl,sq t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistku:iqu:5 wwu3s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second la:av 4 3x+)(clu ybq w.qc3gcntw of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is definedlsykb990q6.v3 q;amc 9 sefuc as the ratio o9eu .skq flmcsca;v 9q09b6y3f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pug(c3j jx0o7rr mp is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the en0hjiwq)w0,u7 c3y glzeo96 n .(okapytropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for fik4 xd5n3q 3-nyc jq+wu6 f1gany process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of kf-gcuq3dn +4 1fqni 53y wjx6the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statemekxq12y m*zjfnz0yv f44ecr /2y0/ lnmnt of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics ly2 gby (t)zt4febx24 jeads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rlqo 9r m/yt,3 cgm- +d5gqr2esemoved from an ideal gas. What is the change in int,-2/ mgcrqyq ot dglrm5 e+3s9ernal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process1 kl(yxz(2vz + nunrm2, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the n 22z1uzk+nl y xmr((vwork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in anb0c. rzqmmz/ hl2m3r3+aqje( isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energyb + 0r mehzc3/mlaj3mqz2rq.(?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatical 6v( js8th o z3yv,pz5. jw*9wxcm-lxgly. What is the change in internal energy ,xgz9j- (lzm wc38ts vjhy o6 p*w5xv.of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doine(lqni ;0oe7z( ofpl0g 25 J of work. What is the change in i; iq o(l0elzn7pf o0(enternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal 6t h7m)mp0)vu6;6 wsftrprso 9hm6.itpka9 penergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t s76hmtt0sirt96 o) m; pp) .f69wvr6apuhpmkhe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal ene j.1j(uqcc5 - 3 b41e))auruovg3jrbvuer (du rgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchae)ru -au(vq3d4u 1v1r ) j ccb3jrubuej5o.g(nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintainfyfw wl(r,+ o:xfl+5p ed at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gl+w(, fr:y fw5x plf+oas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energyz5 z7j2 z;kpfeqg1vs* is removed from it. How man*sv 7zjze5 q1g f;kp2zy moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.05k k d 52vy xsrw:0r19y,petey kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 8 vu3hzzt+en63w6i gwJ of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effic3g3 vhewz6 6 i8+wtnuziency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rebchx7r26w3 n sr0tb t*ceives 150 J of heat per cycle. Hrxc6 2wttrbb 03s hn*7ow much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35 j 3wym56k)fay.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eyfjm kaw 6y5)3ach cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyl. eos02qo3yru + 1lskcle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency ofs 1sey02+l3o lqruo.k each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyclwkfjwy/ a3,)t tz40m(6q lvgqf-2 cfpe and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatfc6w-al zkfjv4wt)fqyp (qg/3, 2tm0 e the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followiyf(*o vv o rc4rr:rj-we/um8i s815wspai3* qng characteristics: combustion chamber temperap r q*ueri:ivsa8 5j/s31o4rmww v*o-r(c8yfture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient epa5h h0ncena wo0 5ax (76u2cxngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambexhx60pna e7uow n(5h cc05 a2ar temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicsybs3 sla6yqp 3n0.3gh: combustion chamberq3ps63.n ya0b hys gl3 temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant g i)gii1 ;n +r2f.disxgenerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generaujp zxk67.3kgtes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW lr0w*f9edv w,: abgi9:zw :jfof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whiw hcye +7t1ycr7mny;; ch operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatinrw4:sf /3gpw fg betweesw4p :3/gw ffrn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whatlxioj;* ac c;2 is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the i;a o2; cxclj*hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating2k2y1mtn -un3noyh p. between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from thwh4nkgs .2 *+e6 n itjy2kaop;e freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a 2*n6tha.p2ojywiesk n+ k; 4groom per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing wuhb;dk.idb-rg +8 f6ueeo(-compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performan-wd; b d+ -fh8e6u ikg.uo(rebce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absom )yel7yz: 9 e a:ade.+zp)dcsrbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How mucaa9:dzpyeley7z : +m)s) dce.h work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt atf2s9oe b3 : rj(xbk1vn $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change ie2v/vcn*:qy s n entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal eeoe),s4c i5ab. o)tj 3py8h/mo l1zqexpansion and its entropy ch /3mqi1o ez.,jb)ye5a8eosp t)4hcloanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at celdn,sh8xa) :cw44i $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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