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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thefhy0 5 ,w8o*nduwsko8 T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change irlo6 g h7*93-suoyqixn

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thw 5 wux9 hluw8,3ji).x z7ee:umrwd;oermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its * ( e;o 9.bjdafg80apw.guatptemperature0taa8(fgu;*g aw. bjodep p.9. This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this p0ymg7+:ydqn48 f nb5 pe)d mgjrocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. Whatgpb)g4mq +fn0ym:7e n85ydj d is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalpged,u(y ng rj)6+ytv /ds9) v volume during an isothermal process. ngup9)d,+(y 6y e/gvvs t)rjd The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this proc c)p6 8xagwd5ek7kai (ess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the foll6aa5k8ci)w kdg (pxe7 owing statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated env6 5+oq y6bjpdd f3lg /px(ewa6ironment. During the event, the gas exchang6bq6 pw+jg ddoyf 3lxp /a(65eed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of hp0j(vu ec682miera- thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an ad ab.b;hz lle .3uqs7z8l31qpw. e1lubw3q37lhz zsp q.b la;8iabatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicaay jiw(;b n(f*8n2 ffll in all respects except that one contains 28 awn *fiyl( j(fnbf;$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that oib m+ k2rit6m3ne containsb+i mirm6 3k2t $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dif/j vabx; +.0 c--zjtkul0wjm 5 jm2btagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change in tg1uq-,hw; yi

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the(1lq or21kuxzrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressur .gordv ,2mec,*:yywm e as heat is added to it. This prye*,d. rm, wcm o:2yvgocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of id,fmb2n16fhbj8 *07sq py c hqpeal gas at constant pressure. As a result, ths68 mhp b2c,qpn j 7fqhbf01*ye internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV di+e-9qwcz o ;hvagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change iy *dqohp1+xp;+ d. x5.*stobd,iyv r vn

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodh:g4 7c9hlq epu:y+ zt.b.a+ apjz3f vynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy ij47b/w6b x sdzs added to it. This bbzw7 sd 4/6jxprocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tra8xmo z2m,(o 6(gfkfqansferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a foqa mz 8(mx(f2k,6goresult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of xvvk-3cje-t ) thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rekh w8x5kv0( 8m9eva z;*gc ceqservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a tm/n h,toa)z5ew82bl hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermod5al al0kmp7dr0a0 zcms+ nc2 6ynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cy gwa 8k wzr-x(fo33e 5h6q+ybpcle, how much work is done85+ekq 36 g a3zrpb(-wyhfwox by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a hea1.ud n0 xn/6nvxgni y9t engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu h5 0oayz amexgu511+ast 5a1a u+ 05yhxgemaz o1be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofqdykw-of h z*6:m.* u/,ovj rs

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law ode,wvip:tre)3) ie e9f thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refza.m y. tnem95rigerator is defined as the ratio ofanz .9.5 meytm

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is i,qdf ge;n .n5defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of tl9jr:hjt;4i8 clpz f ud8tl8* he water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamicli+6phts od y49kp pe4,ofx 7xkd j 0c1+-s1xzs, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which o xs1phjsil94 e1py,kot z-d f+ok xc067+pd4xne of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicq+depxy6q c*( s.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude thajxok(z9f6:fg t

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process,ib phlmanm8tbi 1f3.24 ib.3u 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is t a2ipmi hu.if8bn.l34tmb1b3he change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of f0 xsin9p;m48o5psbnheat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the proces9inpsx;om4bn 85 0p sfs?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an id*z cv w4gq48p-;;a)egd dbfg neal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internav;fgednapw* 4 qg; bg-c zd4)8l energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiwjb*2 w;6i hh zm2ljcm7kc1v/ abatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gas? lc2ik j 2h1cm;wbj7vz/w6m*h

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doia)wq do kns2m(y/y:*a ng 25 J of work. What is the chandw2*s kam oa)nyq/ (:yge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. p(su+pe7)2z 7k33zol ualfh6 60wodn l)uhehWhat is6 lls)w e)e7h6 a7znoo2p+uzuk30 3lfd h(hpu the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal enert0u* egn.l./aek ))8 ejtw,hsi x4 dykgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the uk.i 8,d wet0 /jy)sea)elh tn.gk 4*xheat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas iao; ;x.glrg0 xq-e2ft s maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by rem0.r f ;t2egxo-;xqglaoving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at cf 18;qbd q -;4bizhjitonstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the db;-8tzbjqhqi4; 1fi sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water evyacytd2b3(*lu 3 (i at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receiv)ro t,b xnt7v9es 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is th ov 9,xnb)trt7e efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and rg4kcqb;p;*m beceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much w;gmb ;4pqbk* cork does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an enfym vepewg z p0, 6y(:sw98 3,vo3lppfficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exha, wev(6 oslppgy3zmypf,v8:n3ep0 9 wust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of,( ce* 5o p9yozhm:jih heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficienhmocy ( ,hzje*p:i5 9ocy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal.k/ xn8*nmvw1 yxr93oe Calculate the work done each cyclwnne* m kv9o8xx3 y/1re.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici-/1 ck,axgx /iddey: vent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatur vc /gax,/i1-xkdy:ede = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effi ha v nn2e-t e0hi,wg)mcsi 8c-.*af3ycient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambe3 mgwi sa*)2h8-0hnn -ect. v icy,aefr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built sej02pl(j:rz qb qcj.y 5ax )c)o far has the following characteristics: combustion chzq)(yj bjj.l20crxq ac5pe): amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6002z t axvlg4-s-ks ot(;l8v4p i+dnhh:b8bym4 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric6 jxxo*pk5a-d power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electriwmfnx,t nlk-18i+ 1adc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betw) f zcvj.re teim+y7;(een $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effici4b9p 7acpjri:g,n x;zency possible for an engine operating between b,:rzg i;a4x pcj97np$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature -3cu; wt hwmk.q5i8r,d vs x.u ./aiaeof the cold reservoi8v3eu ak/swdqii.5m,hu- a ; .cxr .twr if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bedq82 * uowyvlk,pn3f 1tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment a g0s d*lkx5ed+t the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.+ddk 5*0 sexgl How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate ;/huro bfm,(6efsdv7 of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performanou/v,(s d;bfrh 76 mfece?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of opevni*6)lc2g2n/xn hiwration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requiredv /622 *winglhcnn i)x in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change ingq i.0cgy.wl 7eae0r/ entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, thk6o s).1 flsese change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gj/.y ,ke n7 nea(.fj(fdx -mdias at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropn da. 7-( .xfk yiej,dj/fm(ney changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at h/vc qr7n2so3z. ld o;$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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