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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-ugjgeu6c6+ k8 w0nt- fV graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chan1t+it kyv ,y ugme 61r1oj38jnge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody kca 37k vs00nx,/kfnonamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its oeatv8wdz:b.)iu u (b: (zyea) riginal volume with no change in its temperature. Thiz8)w:e.: (uy bdiabuaet) (z vs process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Durinna y.l5 pf66yig this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed fi.6py lnya5 6the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume w b pf;doem 2cla n6e6/0/urj+during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the g;cr/+6fmwepnueo baj2/dl 60 as

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expandhtmyli s9y b .)g9i8/ned isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is ht9ly8nsi9i )y.mb g/expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment au ):ralutvvaz4n0; y2 em(r;. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroam()r;u2ze: vvya; nr4 alt0u undings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyap4f jg6 d-*xhqtdv*kbfk:n g0 av /6,namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gap n3w92a sawi5s +q 3by-fsr tirc.8k8s is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of irp8wqs ws+bks5ac-9tyr33aif 8.n2the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idl2(9qbfsd)c 9g w9mgqentical in all respects except that one containsfq d99qmwg92 lg()cbs $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that f msz3wz68 x0)eu6pugone containswuezf60 68m g3) puszx $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV xnuu*)2akb+a5h 9t,p-b+ xoqmz m7v rdiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there il0j3yt-gq(czybp86y7 s 6nju s no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynn bff)y lj/)oc,v-)uvzh1 gr-amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressurekh,4z r-5/ lyaepp oh, gn3g-q as heat is added to it. This process/hn5-eh-a,lg rpqpgz 3ko,y4 is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfez6ti97 e9. 00- tgepdqfcy zfjegf64hrred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As d f9qe 60 zjy7ztf ge0-4cf69g.te hpia result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagramqp+: ohw1ho+s is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is 83u, ln sqyw 6q3-vqzfno change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o2ju1baj cn:1 e,-swemf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat enec)+m 4+fyd 9gi bqg8yrl-i-tirgy is added to icg+li8 gi dyqb-m9y-+tr) f4it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energqqwtqk-0q ao +rwn 2qy0b .w1(y are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a res0 qw0q2w qrqk-1 q .awbo(+nytult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod6(7axgtd y 9q8e fj0bfynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transferb7 :;*lxxnz c9 psus+e heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reser wfzon.875 e 3cppezz*bwl2vfod, o7:voir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accor)0i*ln3jh6m 5huq)wyr o /rvak sg6i.( )b gruding to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated j2u3 ua7jp-*fc ;)rgpfvkz( mhere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating onj;v 3jga2p )c-(*zf u7kfm pur this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heea,rsk8 (frg 8 )por,yat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat s .eq4 mhdesu8;ink musth u4q8e.es;dm be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis *pcm jaszil 1ip6:4e3ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynami,8a,, xu mqlpgm5rp+i m wh8t6sp/td,cs.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance9me0waa- :zdy (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oew yzaa0 9m-d:f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is21rpst4vf,(swl 0 wom +awru 0 defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thetvlw f7*6zj6t;dd* b o9bnl- q water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamic c9u (ml0ym:p/u.yqdss, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the cho q(0m/pcmyu y9:udls.ices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of t4( vrc(gtxz+ 2i kx5 lnqtln(b. psj+*hermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of th xm72qzu2 alsf,i jlvs/3a.) xermodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of he/.2 qao5hcx- djnw2sj at is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in inteqdj/n 2-js5 cxhow a2.rnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heaa6ai5bkp bu4; c 4qs2mt is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the pr45su6 kb 2m;aipb4qcaocess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal ga5j1rpws mtz)xh6 m (/+ rprz.ls system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change) mp p6rr.sh+z1xr5 lm(/jtzw in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the 81ml,iyhnks6hs5r ,*fs agn 2change inkmh 5 8ss16fga,nrnil,ys 2h* internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an admmbo1ij7xcoun : 2m1 o+i;3ce iabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is tm1mon3 e+ 7o2mc1ij biu:xo; che change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decr j(1:vb/qgibe msr( j4eases by 50 J. Whaqjgvm j1 (b4/:(besirt is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the int*r3v(*euam 8 fkzc6vm ernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thr evf8*k6za(m*cm 3uve heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintai7 cc o, w1 qwrre5b:ztwxyu/vk73e: d5ned at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomp7 wcx,/5: b7eu q31cryw5o vwerz :ktdlished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at 1/ajy:q/zvvfly97 s-*ur tac constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed fro rq9vjt/ :szlaf u-yy7/va1 c*m it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3hm mx 3q -x)uh,v ruqx(wbz(*).0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and l/n)2 .5fcpzk 22t1nphxt9 rnve/ty oposes 3000 J in each cycle. What is thexo n9p2 z1ktnv/httc ep/y)2 nfp25r. efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heabp wtc 9g i(j:p(-u;eet per cycle. jpu(w i e:-pg;( b9tecHow much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receivewy-1 dftkj6uf6 ev( u;s 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle 6dvf 6 ;u1wjefkuty-(?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eact cgi5tx+f4 .rcj9k,bh cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of e4 t5j,ktrfgcb9x. i+c ach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle andje 2, ran)jy1k exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate thek2aj ) eyrnj1, work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follohkd;7 *rht:fewing characteristics: combustion chamb khfdh :7*er;ter temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followin h2ir8z2 auno8g characteristics: combustion chamber temperatz 82o2 nuhai8rure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built d0r2(ckyz20hmgw-i p o0r6ogso far has the following characteristics: cph(0zog-2rw026rcgdky o0 mi ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genear 94 hqzh l qu-p+j5vmuu,+3grates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plab ydas86lzs((nt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uh:-:7cs c d)iz ccbal3o ,wb5xses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which op vp2qrjhw24f+9 xbj*k erates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum the5hkieh +yxfh :6b8u-goretical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwee6h:ibuyg 8k f hh+-x5en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carntj s3z6 su/ o ab11lhd.egh:k6ot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperat 1ojs/kg3b6: a1d 6.tshzheulure of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinb nr,z5bw)*2ql )zbd nav;r yvp;)vk(g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fr9ygo6to1 04ql)c n b2yszb,grom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Howb4910)2y orbznstgcl,o yq g6 much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compv.n8iopi9rin:u ; s y/artment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ ininou9yi8: /ri. ;np svto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of o.:a:0;vfwapsfmo562hr u fp kperation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expefaops: m:a56 .wkrpfu02v ;fh ls 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in e*igp wm dkk am-/gqtp1 -w0o2so(+;ds ntropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in t obb.:qu7hbi;v84n9g0aixl wtb44dentropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal94 zjn4x 6s rddhadi4 p)qp*0x gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy6z4ddpxrs4dpjqi 9 )a0* hx4n changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ox- h1wa3n9 wm): qgxzz g19ow$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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