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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-ec pinab,qlpg5d dwfq2-* 9)-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process,t715zq+ut: fqbw 5amzz1ia i9v h9 u((vtcml 1 there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofcglfuo7 x(c22 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperature:20*o71cx uu zr wa tx9qz4dag. 1 c9gdzw4txo* 2xu:raz0u a7q This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pr3zz yxrv8ot aokd794 *ocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that c*rk 7a4tzdyox8 3voz9ompressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original v :/fzfx av;xgyibvo69 5xu)1golume during an isothermal process. The final6 xo )xayff;b iv/z9vu1:5 xgg pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6zzf7) )fmb tbmdjo.*3 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements it*))mfzbo3z7 mbdj. fs correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment.e22 xj ob9k5 eh kkw4,eh.n0xa During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroun2a xn2xk9o,j0.4hkhwee ek b 5dings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thr7p4(x/a4vr(t a jibn1(g exfm zzmnck3; w:5 ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origif ii 2zv7aa)z agi7oa)a2 5i xrme:87vnal volume during an adiabatic prozifix8aaiav7 : v ae27r25 m)g)oi7zacess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectsak-4zf ku5mbr cdpf)z7, j+.i except that one containszfrk)a k75m-d+ u4fji,.b pzc $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders o7 9htku g p5dh)dabvfm/kns +149gii(f gas identical in all respects except that one contains 1h54t u(7vkgn/g +9ab hd)9pmkdi sif$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ut e8d/7-)bx*v c6s)ayxineg is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there zc. xrksg3+vx6g/ zj 4 *p(jfwis no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therva(vpth6v*yk)bfx* zrd0ph/ m 5u -n5modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressscj cze3)oq(eouim 91y -9zz )ure as heat is added to it. This process is91cj iuzmo)(cqezy3e) 9 o-zs

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trav cxd2vl0w47ssg 7 vw,nsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gdw 0lxvg4,w2s7v c s7vas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram 8r y.zvt alrii7s)ve2bo*5s0 is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there ,ok:*xud*sdh m.t .g8 a,phppis no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynqwp,q,) f*usiamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to avu8hi1t6v) -n c 4qsee*hjv,gnwq/ge44qv )k rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This pro4 86* )1vqc tv4 eienw)njh vv/,eksg-u4hqqgcess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energyzsa3w2 : rx )ss4bl93qc 9j15juz bacr are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant vo9:5sz2a bl9sj1rcba xwrq3sjzcu)3 4lume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermob;gm xpa+9(p6byu y1bdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat5qm qg;)1gaht from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heath,y mif3 g0qojo 7:;x dem6ox6 from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics9d p*ie 65nk0ozb)yk j according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muckms8 8, 8py vss:l+g ;jrf(ncyh work is done by an engine operating on this cyclevlj,nsk8(gr;myc8 s yf :8+ps ?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the 6did */zzjhu 9ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical e2w6dvxrh/5q jsaq- j0,p2 g qxfficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu vw/jg-r2jq2 xsphd6,x0 5q qast be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistv*v l/6urq wx5hg cfs40zn8u7s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynaje f y.j 02ou,0yl88dy c6oepsmics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the y9(uz t8n qcv;ratio ot;y8vun9z (cq f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as thjzp,wo8 s8ga 4e ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, thtl*lj 4qk( a2 fcs3*ose entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a13*0 t(puk uspzv/8hv)vyb xkny process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choicezpvuv (b /yp t0)uv1*xk8 3shks applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second lawdz s:ljpng6;lv6b5c( / ae wn: of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics bb.ygls ygm y: j (9a ifx:0s-63nas4hleads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What xt6twa; rkw:rf3 (ye+is the change in internkr6rw f ;xt: y+w(3ateal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. 4 r j7u7h.d, n*d0zz1ndqlgaq What is the work done dgh d.74qu0d7rann1zjlq ,* zin the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothel5chh uv5d )z8rmal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energylc)d hz55uh 8v?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compres3oqn7/d d 9amz1e98vr xgz5vt sing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gas?3nxv1dvgzqz/a9 5oe8 t 7dm9r

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is t1k* wwit6 pi1k.b qix/he change i*w1w qkxtbi/ik1p i6.n internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wibl4flug d /3mgec- 9ln8 i2b/hat isnlecib/f4 d g 9m3lgu/l2i 8b- the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the intexx 16z;nio/7/ 8hchgymvfs g6rnal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the hn8z76gohs m/vcx h 61;fy/ igxeat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mainm s dyaawbt(tpsf,: 6p622bw+tained at constant volume as it is cooled by p2(b,fabt wstd y 2swa66m+ :p50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whv)l 9ud( )k1pgxigue.sp--hh uoo+f/en 831 J of energy is removed from it. Howsud o(.ufv/ -h-eugi+g 1)9ppx)o khl many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 km*;qpb:z. w xbtx9k uwxpu e9/b: )sv.g of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J9wyp4y tq /t(h in each cycle. What is the effic4wht(/qp y9yt iency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.bnt0n b1 cuh syy6pipp5+ ;vioq3:+s:0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does ith:yn+vn6p0:pbs3;t51b isp+ uq ocyi perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency e1nrl*roabu : s3g. s6b+pf6cof 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eachors+au 66ef3:rbgp b*c.1 n sl cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat ea zx;bm fd;g,eck0c)r 5ch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each d gxc)c mz5br,e ;;f0kcycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kc+:ivf+h*priiy z5; ry m 7;m2tqvr2x val. Calculate the work done :+7yvz fmh;pxt;i*vvim i2 q+ryrr 25each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cham252rkysk9 +ryej;* 4*di8nvyfr i xq racteristics: coe2rms9 yf;k+8iry*vy*5 n r4kxdj i2qmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cauxw t)ek9wl a otu,5pcd:fj 16r7j1)haracteristics: combustion chamber tempe7jt)wup9ua:wd5o rej)f11 t x l,kc6arature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engin+h.c)w fqwu9ies built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambefwqc).9+iu whr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant +ru d. bqjw1rpc7a: ub2f gx13uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses h+ay, vt.3c- z4hc5ob/ wynmh$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Theqaar ql9i - j3d, 39 *kz*w1*crlsodck plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficienc67-d2wxm 4 kbv0uolafy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effic dqz;wdb x49/jiency possible for an engine operating between x9dj/z qbd;4w$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine i57v. z kjq nkaqy.(/gl6/bckss 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir 6gbkjs.q5 n7qaz vl//.k c (kyif the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat 6lfec-ica.: rw /8eqming between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 6ltkxyuab/u 87v 16gzkJ a8 uu vy76klgzx a6tb/1nd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ apgq2+9zf f 6wulkcelc t-y(9qlc: 7j3 nd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is(-yz2c9k3f6 9cu+lqfwljeglp7ct : q the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operat6)irahx+k)dms3 a q 4iion, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycr iihm)+d 6q)43 askaxle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melti-qbp+cn28,rl gt vk)uql lb2g; z* h; at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in eto625ra kr50 e4wkc wyvb+p faz+4j8nntropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherl f d/5hi-1o18l eolwrmal expansion and its entropy chang15i/l 1oflrwlde- o8 hes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at x j3 *h1a6h0ipfpg8jf$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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