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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on t mjku4. tai)(qki*wkbkf80,mxaxl- 2he T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, therp:u8b khg 5+tufcyco) :n0t6re is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami1 m;6ix9 5ejzq1ac3 f*endlrxcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no c94,ta -sj -u8iy vratehange in its temperature. This process au -t9 - revaj,iy4st8is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20zz;hvc 0wv9 (y L. During this process, 6.0 J of energ9y0vwz ( vhzc;y is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original v1f ;jc.3b tv0ntjntl)olume during an isothermal process. Thejcjbf3vl nt1 0n.;t)t final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermalvf8 ,tgoo m7)tly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the follvgt)f mo8,t7o owing statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the eventtg6iu. dvgm0 w-gig9 ;-ws9 dd, the gas exchanguti9 w 9.-dggg i6-;dgvsmwd0 ed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna4cj 9e1xv0hdw,irmb4r+9il o mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vo3j-stjwwo4 9qria00 zd te /rxc4)i *elume during an adiabatic process. The fa4tte094wwjz* 0xq3o srre)-i cj di/ inal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idl b)tkac(x- p -va5o:uentical in all respects except that one contains-cluxba pvt- :5o )k(a $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except thijany /rvxp8oz;; f -;xn-jw+at one contains n8pvjyx ;fnza+--ji /xow;; r$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagp-) xic jn46p 6vtbf)q veg+s*ram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, therbr/n)mako+1 ynx+, s pe is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tsb.p5dfphd4,j1ysg58t t,u 9. hxyq f hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand m drq a1:6u7ytat constant pressure as heat is added to it. This process um q71:ya t6dris

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energywmw0 u/ ee3l7p are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of thee w30emp/l7uw gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram:2z,csnivz4 d7rc7 -7qsn* c/l okias is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there 3khvs0i() 5zmp d uw;t9qacv* is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynpwg,okb63t+ t amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expandzziy8ftk(8ks:-k 0ht, cx c8j f*7i tw as heat energy is added to it. This processz sfi:*t (t,ycx wji8k tf- 8kh7k0c8z is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sl/eht 2w.(xyh ample of ideal gas at constant volume. (w e/h.2hl ytxAs a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamiczro .kj oyg*9bg(c 2zs.t3-wss.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir cwik 8cgwj233dag n/yb1e*l: to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reser,2b xn0 ees7, e xr-7lm)g fukk,e)qwjvoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermody6h1l hboe/8bnnamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken througi(xg.s7ipxua0gb0. i t)xb;y0es ;qr h the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an ensbxapg0 i ;s70 0.; erxugqi(.tb )xyigine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is def; o o9newm7h55cg ji haq)0l0rined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine isn 8u;x/gpis ;e to be 100%, the heat sink mustnpu;sx8 g; /ei be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisu9*r* fhr xp0e+r ;jwfts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of t37qr 0ce kdb -sike/*zhermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance/mqcwz..v ;hq ifupj4 kf906g (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio og vi ku0.m ;fw qq4hp9j.cfz/6f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the0* b0j7g nxmwz ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropysl nub x:nlx,2j-1)ps+a: zp d9/l o tlkz9ij3 of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proce(j / ohvuqry u(g47 3lspbxd;4ss that may occur within an isolated systex44v3jqg/s 7ud ;lrpo(ybuh( m, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the se-jon*70td0trhz fhpm9zzy h31i-mhr 0g0qu *cond law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude thate4n t ay41:k(erwlx5f

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal czwb .s:u 07dghxa6j -6g +tklprocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the ctbxg.706+j:a u 6d zkg ws-lhchange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rem qj sf;c2pqu-;+zzw bn, vqk55oved from an ideal gas. What is the work done inbqzju5;n -zq+cq;f 5kv,2p sw the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal 6al1sa *oztx b37y5 f;je)p(r mdw7ibgas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in ind ex;a67jmt y(b*ab7f)3z1s po5riwlternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gh *bvzv o)bve1 tv9+i4as adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of v)1t ov4 +*b bve9hivzthe gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of w pm9ljhd+c*2mi k4n q1ork. What is the change in int4m9kdl*2+1nqc hm ip jernal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the4/1xne9w47tihsy jdw0 g6h d vepe7.s2xy(k a internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is 7t17w/h2s9xh e.kvyniw (edjx 4 ea06yp4dgsthe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the inb )+ni*x ge9fki/ap4yternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchan+e/nf g iayp4 )ikb*x9ge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monag musuw4vmt--leus9iv,o 5 ,4x+3qfj jzr4* qtomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled u3smtqg4jeo9*sz+v-wmu-rj4ilv,5 ,4u xq fby 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whea35k fv(.ta+ +/vdat3xyc kacn 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?v y at5ca/+ f ckkd3t.vx+a(a3

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watdpf-p*h.fd h;p;g fc:u+dj1f er at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat cywzis7,,i78g bpb2 land loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficieg yiz 8sw, plb7ib,c27ncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pe c/g+hqy1sdz ub409j+dzi-8acn cz z6tc+u z9r cycle. How much work does it perform in each cb90z+zh 1 zca 8zc/dud+ cu6 syi+4z -9tjqgcnycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat perf,hnrwa r-b .7eine+3 cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?n-h7n+.er 3f, aerib w

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat e8)i2 *iz q/ws kdkzjfb n0(f )n:w8glqach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of 8i0jbz f)w )ng/:w dqkn k8q(sil* 2fzeach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hes*co)g ;1bzcdqw x zcb7 41cgtc y:4k3at each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each c44 bd3y7:gcckb1qws;c 1c* otzzg x)cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the qgfzi p*u;jic+; )w w.following characteristics: combustion chamuw;zi pq +cgw )j.fi;*ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristiim6n r6aum, 4vcs: combustion chamber tva4uri m6,m6 nemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enqj412un50mufz e ( i(2arxdfc 3jg8s mgines built so far has the following characteristics: combus3u2fmjq 0sde81n jzu fx2(4r5m a(icgtion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant u1li 4zxv4bub *ses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.fk p-pkq9z* x6f69 v0hsw jx5t The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant geneh,0p6;hudm n qlhs5 :vrates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which sindo lod, *965/b0j,s eyhvxoperates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretiqfhzawz5 e 2.)cal efficiency possible for an engine operating betw2.wfz )hqz e5aeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatscao1 2 6m.w hc04mn is ab5etxo3;zq,ure of the cold reservoir if the ,ie3hm. b wc516o0;a omscx4nzs aq2ttemperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betw;n+vsurdzhxbm2 t1,x v+0eq/een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator remove8x m1am ygx(0)cwqv12qj:uzktl9 +xss heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each c (a y kx x1mquzq9)jw2+0l:mvcgx1st8ycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freeb )5. f0invmutzing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a ro )b.t5nvu0fmi om per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation ;4kpvh;-* :kqu aiq.l;ohtp w, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heata ko 4up.*vqkpl;qh;h t:-i ;w to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50+ 7ytb-haz-msjy )*0d,mx yy f g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chan m 4oysi3ctz5+j,q s-ege in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansioz)s vz.au:mehj v.9h g, ,jrx6n and its entropy changes : z6xmarj.egu,h j)svh., z9vby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at pwk3;+az jl igii 60b;$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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