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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on txzgjs0*5 cac 2he T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is noa n6wl97u4pajuke 8 n9 change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law offd-obr/2mq p * thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice /axo e 5y j8c+hz/+o)0r2zerh unj *hwits original volume with no change in its temperature. This p* h )erxo5jj8 w /rn0h yuz2c+/hoze+arocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally fr5)mf l2gto m4ec67 rl 6/(k oym8mwqdnom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the c7f w 2ycq)ltdml6m 5o4 kg6 /emr(mno8hange of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half itc:do nap 8.zqex7fy5bp;4ne4 s original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of th8y: o;q5c dx4f4zab n7.pepn ee gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this(ew zgksg,71 v process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanig 17v wg(kz,sesm that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated , 8e(wbyiyxp.environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This p yi,y(8wxbp .erocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermojlkox-4ia 2g26 ,hnw d,,cz eodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vo8kh yuc fw:dgwx (te3u.99xv+ lume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure t:vf xwh99y cdu ex+8guk(w3.of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identiu57s+nzyidvm7 c+tg )cal in all respects except that one contains iz 7+y7g5dnsc ut+v )m$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas id puk(j4 a,tyt3entical in all respects except that one contains y a,3kpu(4ttj $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dq kg.g lk9)7s j2/o( ,ertwqtfiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no ct.72jww8jl11 au( vv:ndpnfqhange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicj8lg 9e8ok awh:k-lu 2s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat. :lh*9x2ksr-pkrequ*wm 3 ay is added to it. This procrps*ma9 *3 xkkr-2: elhq wu.yess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tranl htmc ;v +rtt:+*e,vzd12pjmsferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant prev l*t+e1:+2,jmrtctpvz; hdmssure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thel b,6x 2i dqrc/1jz;me PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chagkd3w.5lyjb t2 (h 6gte2o-efnge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therlv0xsc(nd-li++3 ib pmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that canni2m cyg55hk/ fw y0:sfot expand as heat energy is added to it. This picw0f5h/my25fkgy: srocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy areni3 ,85srd;fknpfyk0 transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume.f kfkr i0;83sdy,nn5p As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynqy9whvm 1 0h soo5g*fk9: 3mybamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat fromcrc coppw 8+(e j4/(de a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?l4 c8l7 vf665x:5ks0lhxhot; layv mr

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamjz:u()yd -wfwyg;o+c r ua 9i u4he 1jg)q(i/tics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through -r8s+g1:ydznbxl2 iv jbc5 b9the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine olgcb2+nx d8vyb- sb9r: 15jzi perating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the/ v3blt x5yc:gqj/pbt(c8a i- ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sc 1+u6an(rim3ob aj1 fink mu1(6aofir naum+31 jc bst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consispdp8; l/bu4 bv18rxq ats of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of th vbhxh ),chc)*ermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator i1 ;mo7d kjh.5*rvzu ez: nrw8fs defined as the ratio of oke r;j8: 5vn71hz*dzfu .wmr

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as thf)a(* o vdfgd7e ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the enw *jcm2wma(vm9a4 ; hntropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermody3b)dinkfbd, y2cb8 n /namics, for any process that may occur within an isok/,)dbfnd 82yn c3 ibblated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermosx s8/wg *4gfldynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermeuj/jey( .v:lodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hea)/s o(2gx*ehx8 cqgz ot is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change cqzx2()ohex /g8 o *gsin internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frl,yv :bkmp; kv4f3lmln5z60 hom an ideal gas. What is the:m3;46,p ym vf5nlkhbz vkl l0 work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isoth;0i*8 :ne *5 j ullhddhfxm4uy3 ic3nhermal process is -400 J. What i*lhuii3my uf:h5x l4 ;*de0 chd 3j8nns the change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gauw1n6k t0.u bha* r+xds adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the grw1d6b 0uk+.u*xa htn as?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doin +klf /bw-ch/yg 25 J of work. What is the chang/ -cbwflhk/y +e in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, f wqix1+1jtyaw( cp((k-/hrmthe internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the woty-p( xkc/fj(hwa+1m (ri q 1wrk done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sysw 0nmprv.+ df-tem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat e0vpd- rm f.+wnxchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic :n zr,k9 tydx5/btq7(clmub +ph) p)s gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomkppt5sy bhl) qm)z7c9d:/ xr tn,ub+(plished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K aow(+a r*-kvrat constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of ga* +vrka(o- awrs are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of -o *kt 7qu9nxl3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cym96* a7vuuzbfcle. What is the effici7v9au*fu6m bz ency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35ic le(har(n8:.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfornr 8( c(il:eham in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cy-z asgp/8ssfvza5 m .:cle. How much heat does it exhaust ivfpz. :a 8ms -/5szsagn each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of d7/spnxd .iu-wu; )p rheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate p;7s.uw /rnixd-u p)dthe efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 *u+ahxu /r3wz kcal. Calculate the work done ehwz / ur*3ua+xach cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficien87nm1dc9s 5 4 loa5 )hvdz*c vgmehvh, )ygym+t engines built so far has the following characteristics: c vddz)cy5hm,y8)om*5v n47a vc19h+hlgsge mombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici 4b0c7 k,jm9gffgb +xgent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tebgm 0gxgfcjf7 4 +b9,kmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristi*5su jy;swq8 lcs: combustions wl8jy5 qus*; chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600tj/ :blmd.y5a fl+mx/5x6kg e MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powerbx n4r1x9kz+j3ao pz1. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M-4b,* xd iyrcpW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiencyrvsz6mocv ,szji 8 ;4. of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possib)3 frapd0mllf/wg*wu;h2u q ,:rz b(jle for an engine operating betw p3*u ,z d0f2)/ulgawq;hlj (:mbf rwreen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0bzt eg ce4,y8s,el-p/ %. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir t4zp,by/e - ge8c sel,if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between mhkmru2(+t4 s* oa fl)y*08yz ybem2ei9 ols( $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate oft+np/ -ust xi:r.h4tkcj/ rg)d ot;:oc6 u*ge 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How muchh +r;kgu d4g). xtr/- *t cptcjusn:teo:o 6i/ work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment*v:z9v05zjffo ,hk z y dku0l; at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyclz 9l kj fo5v0h:vz,;*d0ufyz ke. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refriz5m j+v2/*+ izp ovfo 1c.nuif)qs -migerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much wj.v+)*uzz+ioi -cn/pm5q v fifso12m ork input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy; wnt(yz itx41 when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in 8 qr93vxfk8/aw5mt b 2q,n ovgentropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gc g5g6jd83jlw : mw .p0,jdkfaas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes bm jlw jdj0f.8gpc65:,w gkda3 y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at sa8 l9 gyqrh-8$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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