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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gr0 v(go.)ffdz krnc t(m6i,rr) aph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chalkow7t9u)sqnc;)oqb xc d()q, k15s n nge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, zo; j e.g6l8s5d p99 yt 5sgzn1acwpc2$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its ted5f+b/bm m a5bmperature. This process ism5adbb +bmf5 /

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermx ;wepb-tz+c: ally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of ez+ x-c;wt: pbinternal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during 1f)d :,ndnaldan isothermal procesd 1, ndl)andf:s. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isother) 4nrqmftn-.l1 7fmx yiy-ng3mally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that exp-.g- )qm7r3mff4yinl ytnx1 n anded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the evemf pxg;dc-..xla3c0te)2l djnt, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This p dtc2fgpmx;jcl.0x)d3.-l aerocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th 5/zqf 37vlrfepp4mr 6ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half i1 y/vy yxio/4ets original volume during an adiabatic process. The finalyei 41yyxvo// pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exceptl evz8r 8*hjlnow yt;3, 6r7xr that one contains xzro3 ; 86ernhl ,t8y7 rwj*vl$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that /yh .9ljalq c7one contains ljy /q. h7alc9$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV j z r /c:akw8btep c,ki,za,/p7wjgj* r0n26tdiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there iwbnm/1 d,ki m/som)am13vp9 qs no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the 2el-mp/:2;m c dl:+ kd,u ok-bsmqbmrrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at2emmvbp du00jxr3s6dl (- nv9 constant pressure as heat is added to it. This proces6vdp3bvsnxl2 m9rm(u j-00e ds is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy a 8y:vlugo2+3::vtmv hk /hlaure transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy ofut8/o hku2:hvl3:vv a l:myg+ the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram e2t23tell uz6is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no cha0kh-kjtom ( 5unge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermc bu3/z1zs.8/dm asq m:d7xrnodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as hemz1 ojqa*4 pr4b .g2qar 8qkx2at energy is addeoq .jka 4r4 2a qxrpzmqg281b*d to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas alynf, 6vx(3kz v2jzh* t constant volume. As a result, the internal energy vnxvzk(3z,y l6jh*f2 of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermosz59k:zbfdr+w, l 7 pqdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoiux0e ) vyx2cv6r to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot ri qr;ihd5) z0o(:l;qml)ux u veservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Cla(pej2 q0 i )wif/yif.kusius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated h455j hfh+x c 2lryeq1inb6 /l 1lo8bytmcuu:.ere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine op8 rc x/ m 1ylell2iou h55fu:jnbhy .4qc61+bterating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is definp; 2xr/3end vied as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mlub aais1 /b)-uss1-a)ba bi/l ut be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consish.j3bba,:b0rt hd0 nuki5l0 nts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second lawq9 3rdmj t)nmgpf r(z,wad (2fs+(k/)ey)dv s of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of (w0 h/y6,t+7is1 ud8fsouni dj oaxw(a refrigerator is defined as the ratio own ,( df o1si+ xu tujwh08i76/d(oyasf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is dx / awo 2yrgf;2wv;vf+efined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy mv( c:upa6s7 zof the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may oc5)xv ar 4t3jl5pwpi;s*ln3hap* lwi,cur within an isolate* 5wr *lwl)vl43ni;h3 ptjp5ips,ax ad system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of the h-ifyh88jl1c rmodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us torl,*y0 7vk:ysam f 8md conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is refki4.a81ej iz moved from an ideal gas. What is the chana ke8i1 .jz4fige in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proce1 q6-*hoo,cpj8e o sezss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the workopq cjz1eoos6 e*8h,- done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process isv+ 3)xp0zc am+ 3pvyiv -400 J. What is the change in internal energy?im0 3c)vv+vxpyz+ a3 p

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a ge5pe+sqta jjq1+( 44vbaas7ls:dsz :as adiabatically. What is the change in internal enert+aq :1es jjp:bls4v+ ad7(q ezs5sa4 gy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of m7r*i + x1urc0xu e9 :w,xnrgnwork. What is the change in internalxn,xcw 1ruri0:e 7g n+ru x9m* energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric processv/y8c*y s u2o)wyhly) , the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?oy*vyy2l h8u y )/)scw

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre1a: -ez:bx qqll4ncuky98o5v ases by 50 J. What is the heat :o5u1czyk nb9 - qea4:x8qlvlexchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of ay kgs 3os 1;p+l wjxm5-u)na;ng3qt;l monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is aca 5ky)t3 x3;l ng+qslg;s1wj;m pn-oucomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 83/k08i reiarrz.r8z8p) oj5ztx/ u 4 zs1 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of g z0 i/r pzuke.8szatj/o 84r)z85r xiras are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of o5 n3b*. qa,.tuzck(oask:o c3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses ( 1mg ;6:*ysbnrtuv zn3000 J in each cycle. What is the y;uv nm*:rn6 stbzg (1efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an elez4yxh, xu,8j3w 3 vpfficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it pp,,83x vue4jyzhx3lwerform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% aoc x 3/.vtqmtt7erhp3+74 k6g; cgeuj nd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does i6 /vg +xeh7g3cuo4j7 kt.pm; qet3ctrt exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of sn99cpxt.k5r(k-dt1ck 6 fjvheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyc c 5x-cn1pv9ft6kkr .9sdt(kjle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts y8l*pmf yqhl1pl457 u42 kcal. Calculate the work dohmlp *87f lp4uy15ylqne each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactc9s.-*e7)h*xcy2rfz od tg jceristics: combustion chamber te*9g )yotzfj.e-cchs 7xr d*c2mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has ei06 -mymy3cm2zdh5wthe following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = wd2m6mi mzy35 ch0ey-$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteriso99zm9pnx.k+ pf b(kqsrr/ k)tics: combustion chamb9ozfnsm k9.+ppxk(/b9k r )qr er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usf:6 i4 f u-d-l961apnsi;niczxw g )hrf(i.nbes $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates gq(odqi +5gb 3600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrn5; +slid 95effb7lnwic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of nb7a .-qbo1jqo695ywj( sgu pan engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencpt6,z*y6 zq n :2thipxy possible for an engine operating betweenp t *:, 2ytz6iqnhzpx6 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a 1; ;a nexbbg(hr qkat8y4(b5h srp5 ,nCarnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temeqannp,b( 5r t4x bh 5 bs8ar;1khg;y(perature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwx t.mbge9n8ceufap 9w7;x( 2meen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJmp:1yk u :xwi9j lxx)b-*.t1s2xyepm and )i-ml *p9.xw::2yyjp x1 mxt 1ksxuebejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ rlume., e)mr5 and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeffi r e)m5m.r,luecient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator a(kezpe0uc:ia;j( hp vle8 15f bsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much wor:cp pivh1e5fz0l 8;je ((aeu kk input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy qfrxn 7*o:s-5/ic3abnawt+xwhen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freg86 am4+lr)qv vcym5* gu6p ojl2e)pie3)kurezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entrolp,gw js5nq,b5j4uc wath2 -5pyh4jnqu5jbt5l5 g -s,wc,2 wap changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at /rtai12,ik6 /rf;mq.hjmkqncsl 1ufpa ;:j 4$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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