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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on yv)gr (v odvg*-ykx2q2+.hxg the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no cha 1un7h grc rnlhu/hz9( 5t/f*vnge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynav 7b;2wzd+mc3eg *bp fmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatured:,- mx/ lw iar-f0z6dn,r/j1gjsbtr. Thisd-slr1a,mxrw,r /0nj :6izdft-/ gbj process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothamxql9/ )xr 2permally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy xxl9a2)/pm qrfor this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duu-1)m nwrlj3z ring an isothermal process. The final p3lu- mrw )nj1zressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isg(a9 )uciiz l*othermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism th( g*zliac ui)9at expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an s);ey/p:w wzzg z77rgisolated environment. During the event, the gas;g zgre)7w zw:ysp z7/ exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody4 e (n*2;di 7q iataq(kiek2lcnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed toeqm)7 y o;.nae -yirce+j/e- c one-half its original volume during an adia)eyqc;/ joai .-reey 7me c+-nbatic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respect4lcq qo. w2r57yi)q0zw lw 6xks except that one contains k i)rz7l 64loqw5q.wy2 0qcwx$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gasq:lf4w4 8kxr j identical in all respects except that one contains lfjrwx8:qk44 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram o+vr )+ 80v,ktv r vfd2og4pfecqq+g( is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there imiuh/-pm04o+le:k x ls no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic1 7ngllp au;9ss, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to lq/iznsg3,ctlv h.09it. This process isgh3s lznq ,t9.0 iclv/

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant peay2:0waff 5ank3y(vsbtc4: ressure. As a result, the internal energy of tf(k4wcae b v:yt250:f nas3ayhe gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onu7p;jv 0 n,y. zz)zzgx v5em(s the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, hwr)/wm ( nya9there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo*,0ku av1(qzmlk8cbranwi y mlu 4v/4x (n35hdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that can6 ) .rdswq2iv(sbqr6qgc e2+x(mdw ; ynot expand as heat energy is added to it. This procqqwgc+(b )6e2qwm s(v i.; 6rdx2rydsess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at .g+)m v y(ogml1r,t qkconstant volume. As a result, lmr.m1)+gvyg ok ,t(q the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicz,s1eifn dlt/ 8*w+ hws.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to )nx1 zxlwz5r 9a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transh /- fpca*kwb0fer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamicsq)+le zmvjv7a9o * u1qu +3qtu according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, hx es(o5 *pxo7,q-cg7iunnt 2z ow much work is done by an engine opera*too (neqscxguz752xp 7 -i,nting on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is definedza8:7 ie c)ta-s*a*u4bmzgqr as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency ofpa(j ghz3ij b7m (l1rse,6ze2 a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bep2s7 jez,zj 6iegla(1mr(b h 3

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisthgbr9m( k8kr b/l3mh 5s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamic qzb4/)yr:i jc h .((sbt0jnwrs.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of pe0 r)ga(pp1isxp c;*zjisf + -hmctv 2/rformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio osxr cg12pjvi0;zp asf*t) p -i c(+/mhf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump ;d1na;hwy zrh*yrrjh)nv :20is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the watefi qxrq. zjwe:w*955vf .)e ctr

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process tha+xlm )vr6d ej.t may occur within an isolated system, which onrvd+x.ljm 6) ee of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second la b+.a.t,qakoz w of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of therm,*p5k qof ,tegnj2. l*a9tbjgodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealdqejbwwpuo53 1p p4* 1 gas. What is the change in internal energy?d 3 pue1wpwb4jq1*po5

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from9y ,nowurj) k; an ideal gas. What is the work do y 9jnkr,uwo);ne in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isoth8ssxzp0c22nx: u2r zjl 2ps n4f,0uhd ermal process is -400 J. What is the change i:s2sd0x8nnpsj0z 2cfpr2lhu z 4u ,2xn internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressingvf7m2zsb96 s5 q xk7odvq:)ft a gas adiabatically. What is the change in t 7qsfvb:6mqs5k) vo 27zd 9fxinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoesv5h+h-h0vg vv6 t;1d qcl: oed an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?-hd;h50vvcodql hgvt +:e1v6

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy on7q czw y03l;i-9vcz y-iwxo)f a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work don;cxz - w9vq-0)37c yzlynioi we?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sys*p 9yrj/v)wd h 5hll-ztem decreases by 50 J. Whadl-v zh/ jwhply) 95r*t is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at co pt 7i:.m,na jif (p rjs8dl.-v2c1tmvnstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy fro127 pmi adin8:c-.,fmjjrsv p. (tlvtm the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of ene.lot4fr0er d ( r*oyr/rgy is removed from it.d(yeo tf0o rr*4.l/ rr How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kwj 0:cv3f lv;mg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heatidh /l*n rd1zxbg mex70aj8 lb2:3r+ q and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the ef+b0jlx 173brddr 8 2/ghm ealx:zinq *ficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of)v4f y8(ud1+yxoj8c 0uv bm+lv6nf jyf fe8p 3 heat per cycle. How much work does (v 4fyf6lu0c vd+u8bjxof1m8) pfvn +ej 8yy3it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and , nlhkeo.)uj wx6aj n .d;flp dt(54z*receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in*j) u,ewa4dpx5fj(l;t. n.znkhd 6l o each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ppo8ox9ww7 (8lpl9.vx*ncpsp9a, xp exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cy9 np(o*pl8 op,xpw 799 wlx pa.pvcs8xcle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cam0iu gu2v +ln99i bn 356tkqcklculate the work done ealununk 0t9 2ib9kgv q3i 6c+m5ch cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines8xk(lgmnr1+8ym3mep built so far has the following characteristics: combus g( m88+mex1rpnm ylk3tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engin q tos5ukpb+e6oc/o*ibhednv(77t . 1es built so far has the following characteristics: cohtu/6ob*kse7 qnt7 d i5bp1oc eo.v( +mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characte pi5kaaf+ckz4mg(z 67d .k8hld2 x )lvristics: combustion cg )5 kl7i f(z. 4ahkcx 2mz+vdkp6adl8hamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric p9 /yg 8q2xnl odadwf09 n5fjy3ower. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genzow/x tc(, 2 -mbd5mxn)hmq; rerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elok,3l5h5a wm 1l/mkgdbb zq8 8ectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enginhbg ,k2rmqy:0dq *phjog ;s-7 e which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible3*kh5xli iq+4 9epgpq for an engine operating betwpqlg5p x*qi+hek39 i4een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot enginecb4 m1sn6p9tsz/:za7 ur5 ci i is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if th / 6bzzcc794sp5msiart:n 1i ue temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweei2me3x,a rke:-a;uau(r)pw xn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ,2lmat 8w yn; dpl)c/,j5z kezrate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room zyl,kl2 )dm /z8jw,5 ;pcatenper cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes i8zgjtn, d kwt;q04:hheat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ andthi4;tgdjkq8 , wn0z: ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from c(5sp- vt-,+1 dgr 0r uoy pfddyj4-jcthe freezer and expels 356 J of heat to ,pct u(d d4o5- srv+- ypgyf jj01cd-rthe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 .2h ody5wp/bflz.rz 1 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chlp p2n1k6m2yre.: wbaange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothf9 :co)d0jnk9l. p filermal expansion and its entropy changes9.plino j 0c:d 9lf)kf by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at f ocnc. 4f,e7e$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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