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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graphk* o/hzi 4bf k+b8xfnlgj6hq (jrn0 6, is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is n,q pd qdgu*-v9 u6nm7lo change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ozc5l7 e.fy: eef thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chrkf eua.0,3q 8qy 8nvhange in its temperature. Thi3fr88uq h.avq ye,nk0s process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this p5mju5lv n/;39wv;sylla* mwv rocess, 6.0 J of energy is exy;lsv/j5* vv;l mlma95wnw 3upended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durij2)qxdlc )/d kzi; uv*l+t:flng an isothermal process. The finalz;dxt*l+dc:i j2q)/ kv)lu fl pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. lzr a244q2bhq:*db;sw nt c7n During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that exp 24l2hb* t7csrw4nqnad:b ;zqanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the evenlh58uqxvzuj 0 mp,93pt, the gas exchaplupu, jmxz 8 q0953vhnged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo kzstcis0;q khg/-49cdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to*2caurta5 nj97hf +rl. v( ux.6 ar-n(bcgzwy one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure *zbnay 5xr7wrf 6cugl(nrt(j9au-+2c .hav. of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of )y0)iggm tcbys7v;u t z* w tptzpjzj,7:;;:qgas identical in all respects except that one containsjy,vqzm)izg;s);z7t pj; tb tp :uwcg7ty*:0 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all resp ytj(sl * ax0yw++rm(gfpu2.rects except that one containsrx.g(m (ufjt* w2p+ slr+ya 0y $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diam 09cvx:8u1uag:ixhw gram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, thexscaye/ef -1+ re is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o+w h4 xiiu*0xuf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant preqlcpyr4+b:0rn3duf0 ssure as heat is added to it. This prl p :0du0qycbnfr3+ r4ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trans)il5h0xe4 b9fb0n jnhferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a resulhi5n j4beh0f9n 0b)xlt, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is :y* d niynb g0w9kr9*k


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is3wau(:ij f(u t/b wb/x no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o di/5cfivxp9ylm- 8(g f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cangq1s6wg *k + 3k1woszunot expand as heat energy is added to it. This proce1kwo*6u1z 3sgqkgw s +ss is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideals/s jz fs/ypx2- qyuc32zaa1. gas at constant volume. As a result, a 3j.afc s /psys 1-2u/2zqzyxthe internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody2b6,4gxzo )xg)h mhtjnamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserv* 3ab .j;obyqpoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat fao7u )hxtl.-,udn y1f sjk a00rom a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law ogz(glc cw ,/s4f thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, h n5l gpocd3zb.e4tqtug 3+d+/ow much work is do5+tn .zgget3p3/4dd+ ocql ubne by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thu9c )iuvca4vpw3+uozl 3 hp-4e ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be o p3-gc6(gtxb 100%, the heat sink musggc3-x opt b6(t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist 1xvrfhzjaxr7, : *1fibb u8,rs of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secon;en;y0l 1y rcmd law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (Cy5+,k nxszd7pv*2 n jg2/2h2 ny*qyg6dhkk grOP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ok26 dy,yd n/22hpky5xn z2* gqngv7hr* gk+ jsf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pp 8/ipcu5:- tj 9 b2iyjp)kkbtump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wate8n 3da.hc7vxdrn vd42r

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for cdzc nj : +8um;bd, /vsqkf4w*any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appl/w4f +q ;c*djvs8kc ndu,:bzmies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermody/9-j x7uemyb(io qqs( namics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concl0 -tajm.o(wa/p ir ;fiude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heatn3 e es7/a4 me/cycw b/xxh18y.f4ykj is removed from an ideal gas. What i1ky.xy4/hnsac87b xejem/3w 4cy/ ef s the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. We5eg(go *m1vezq 5v e2hat is v( 5qzee 2*g moeg5ve1the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas syscijg9*k r7j7 irmt p:8tem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal rk rji9tc g*:p8m77ijenergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the cc+k np(oy zgb8+/d;dwhange in owybgk/d; d(8 cn+zp+internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J oft(wdv 5m+6 dpd work. What is the changedwtmvd 5 6+pd( in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procesj bdl g,v3 8ty1ib2.nss, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is,i.dl bgtn8sv1j 3y2b the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 51h:hntje0 :qu s4ac dz97xplv6m:l 2c0 J. What zq2jhs u:nce9x60 71hct :mp:vl 4ld ais the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained akkteorrl;y *xg9 t6o4 w 26febq:.k4z t constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This46reok;ez rkq94xty. lk6f*w tg b o:2 feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 56tt1v ;kk2l xe9iks)iw -o frK at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in theo1k2 tei k5-t s9v;r)fxwikl6 sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wf -szuc )y javlr5r52+ater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7 pg ;mpit1p)) wst,x, u.cri87uo-kpc 000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficieng i 8) iuopxpm uc k,;,-17t.ppcr)twscy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency on; 0 dxr8yw/ aujft-h,f 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work uw,8faxy /n; ht0-rjddoes it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% anazhj yinacb +*;o;;, k8ugm j+d receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does +;iknaz;8 cbgha*jjy+; o,m uit exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 429tqsr j itig3m) r16nkto7x1 ) kcal. Calculate them gint7 9t)1)rirx3 kq61o tsj efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorb:bg n tgb+n n4dy66z*y4kpr,ps 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the worknpy*tkn n:4, gyr6+b6bd4 gz p done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficienti85u(n8 lrm7kke)x mb engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempekku(m bi5 l8)nm7 8exrrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following c gsy 34ft(:doaharacteristics: combustion chamber temperatu4sgdaof y3(:t re = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient eg olr4hispq9+z ;hga q/(u2( rngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion r9/hg;+ lz4(qih 2o(q srpaguchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The :9 ze(r8pxjzsplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW k bd-q.7hly7 ) bv;fytof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power 2hpf,3yqvt2j9g s8ad. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates 6ll3s gmtjte14 h ;o k(3vn2ekbetween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiencic2xsm unij1 rc3-+ r0y possible for an engine operating betweec3 sxic0jri 1um2+ nr-n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the f-3ox( lb;cz:l0 zvggli(l +c cold reservoir if the temp-x(lczzlcg i: 0l vf;bg+l o(3erature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betoghh4q*vrtey p.)nvz) 1muzf cw 14)-ween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment ariwprcr9:aj1l.h+ -j sy 0kc8 t the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 2jr-9ry rc.cp1ak8:wjl h +si04 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes hesg 98ww8+ew6zvt 0xo aat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ6owg wt89+xazews8 0 v into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of op:r z9r737jk ,: n6bvyppv supperation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much wpr9psrv7n7vb, 6uz jppky:3 : ork input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy whe5zxb1fcxb 0no8tsx)+h(x g:p n 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice froasljm ;7,yhrq:2 q7 xeezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotxjs7 b:c0on64rkf*vf1jb+1) j(gw g0aobyi shermal expansion and its entropy changes bjnsk :a07bjf v*os )f byirg+0o6bcx4 1(g1jwy
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ngio7q9cv*ma5/jq8 xfh 6 v)y$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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