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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is ;8xxp;bx d7rilmso8. an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chazl qsiv* a i5-3iue.v*nge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamlf1 bx+ kje(l2ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no cbh7 8w+nf1(ip5j y(qr)g8l yhmaut+hhange in its temperature. This process y8)1hql ug7+t+rhbj fyp 85mna((wih is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. 5u7c.gal )abrDuring this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external)a 7u5 acl.brg mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o;hh- fnfb-y z82rk1 xvriginal volume during an isothermal process. The final x v-1zhf2hy;- bkf rn8pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermal/g ayu j0jr)9()l hwzmw+f1rlly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which ohf g/w l z+ul01r)wm) a9ryjj(f the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. e mk3gg8i v(dome)yb)h ,*ec6During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings.c 8ibg6)o ,ve y egdh(me)m3k* This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermyaa25cs ve . lr305.dce;ndl eodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas ij5dhvpxwn6ss5l5of j,blj q(+ 0lz;+ s compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gajxll5sq5;v5,+j6 j0wb h o zn+dl(sfps

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of nn7f zr( qncmsu+x43 d t-+gz,gas identical in all respects except that one containss+g-(nqc3nf ntzr7x d 4+uz,m $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exc ow mjv/q9x5ju6jxgfu e2g:z6(4- wccept that one contains /gj5( 2m -c fxxqv jozuuc94je6wg6w:$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tx wa3dg)i+zz9q0:d xv )vi pu)he PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change iuv0 z2rrd( nisg 036ie5- flrin

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of zl je*2ao 2e39njd7gmthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. 8o.if5ftu :q)(4 k5k xdoe uio This process iiu qo8kfk5o4d5x) eou(ti:.fs

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred twcaw:e-c 6 /mao a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of t-acc6mw e a:/whe gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diag1z(pxmb7 90dwssrobta2 lx /.ram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proc7az 0)kmshqn1*kpdt f3eyk1 0ess, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamw0a2 n+7miuv( 5xm/ zfg de,raics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid c;xe67 hw )q c 7xnxvf2a0ik:iyml0 v1qontainer that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process i0n6hwfc axvkv x m70;qyi2le 7:x q1)is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tmanq( e(rskg6 fr(; 7transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energtqm r ;n(g7afr(ks (6ey of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of th5+yf i10lfye0/dkd :u u)dxqkermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a )qmo9bcrtr / 0gib4fwxh2/3k cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat frorn8r ft3rpnp56q53 . yjz4 k5q y/kffnm a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamy 7s(os6u c+qd uej7+oics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, hooe t4comadu0o c)z psu8h9 2.2w much work is done by an engine0z8u dcup9s2)moa.2e hco4 ot operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the gd+2) s) n6mel.yckfv ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the he+s5 3qjdfhu a/u:xtuspm iq+ce2 u623at sink must 2id+/q+ smx3 quae6f:5u2cp j3tus hube

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisf 3zvov+ 7z8tbts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck stl hyuqr(6 xlqgd--om6.6b4a katement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a r /el+nz uj8re6efrigerator is defined as the ratio ofez +ju/n8 el6r

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump ybxcfks7 4(q0el68g bis defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of theevejdz:ijot v1g81x 2.g* ue8 water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, fomctiz5/snxk, )sxc 3q 0l6zi4 r any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one 0cz )cz4xqt5l6i/nm3xk ,ssi of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of t4tr6 -:rsa lss sg:iu3he second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude t( u zs+7pu(jyfo6q6v that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0+x-dyo **lgch J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What ish +dyx-l*oc* g the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal(hbjh)+o+x rw vr-0qb gas. What is the work b-w+0x qr)h hovr b+(jdone in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What agq-;.l2pzc*x 4wifo by.*:p zu:cea is u; p2.el*a4fgw.p xb*: aoz-czcy i:qthe change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressiml w,yott6mn75zqm)7 ng a gas adiabatically. What is the change in mml6,77n ) tozytmqw 5internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J o zo0dq tl54z:1kc*jm of work. What is the change in internal 5c* 04ztzk od1jqm: loenergy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreryy95qlc : g )))qucvnn5n 1azases by 50 J. What is 9g uqn cay5y)z) 5 nvln:r)cq1the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a;/wx xb:(8 6lupzeuj2mkce5l system decreases by 50 J. What is the h(uke/2 :xz 5 wl68 b;cpujxemleat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomiz 8xg2va(uqnqdp5a0+u ; thi -c gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing ; 52qu 8zvtg-xia au(n+dhp0q 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is coq6:la e+sr 0 iw6v r0ub8eiqm8oled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many e06i6q8b:uim+es ar80 rw lvqmoles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of xst74 9ui ni7ivz gx);-ha gm5water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7q ,)g,yp;ezr t000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is tqrt,ge )z yp,;he efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and resr*s,3 xlzb u2y *f7ein s/m phsh70x.ceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it pe*n 3x/hh7l.2s0urypf ,s*i7 mzes sb xrform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency offmtb:46 sl7 / y*jmegh 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How ftmlg *j 7y6h: bm4e/smuch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs df12rk;yhgz:7 grq ,.pow(br 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eac1b,h2k(:o q wzggd ;frp7.rryh cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat fdxl j6:+jj4;x )no5lx4gr cweach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the4j6)d5f ;:lw+ gxjlj xxc on4r work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buil: 3:d kfu xa7,fo(fgdvt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturedf kuo (ffg,d:3xav7: = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristic sqh*t:q ky 2gi6of59bs: combustion chamber t9iq:gy q52oh6fsbk *temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enginesog lqz/ b/+do5 built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambebd//ol +z q5gor temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates vmzswg *2m7 1x600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW jq1 x2rjcer+ ttttl-fo0- i(4of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powednaf-l/fk2 nd6q +z/57t mfkar. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effib8a25t d f ln5cx1b; yrn+0zd) ,opwatciency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretz; ksmbdst.: 7t; i1ugqc7,x2 +zjnptical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwee1;, cutzngtp ;d. 7jx: b+ q2s7tiskmzn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of theuz ahyni)t4,dnz.6yc pt z(.4 cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot d6 a4..4cnpzhizny,tt ( ) yzureservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bejcg/xuj01+yd hne1u n *+n zpcvs +/q2tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate utg d+ko: xt.)lyo;9cof 20 kJ and ejects 24oxctl; + )9u:ktdyg.o kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at takpmi2(;e b ,ohe rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ ibp2; ,ma(eoki nto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation,e26xs qbmku90 a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work iexk9 m0u62q sbnput is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change i dbb**k3qx:fd n entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freez 2i/q8frk3s;w c;gk *,duomp uw0*jodes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion el+) cb hyxw.fk *ap11and its entropf*ywh cp +xa11e.kb l)y changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 4qz 2kq1aut) ggsmmmc;k4 .9 p$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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