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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics



 作者: physics   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is anw)f qg .bm30hvhg)6*fpc e*ca


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there nt o0z16 w9 r(yuv/przis no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsyj bsf4op.i-qt 6 /xz6, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its jn rlg4y0r 0z ou80ubfmq:r--original volume with no change in its temperature. This proce4g :q0-0lrufbo 08r-un yzjrmss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L topn;l *9*8gwe oj f gvxk6j5ax, 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thatknaj*ex8g ;9f x5lvp* ,o6jwg compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half itsnd*ng qb,zv,o tnz48, kvsv80 original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressursg4nvvbzk,o nq*08 ,dt8n vz, e of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 vj5y4ws 2 jbe1L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following stawy1eb sj245 vjtements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. *m s65usnz f.vDuring the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrous s* .fm5nvz6undings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics wf.rz-wyk29n, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is dqp*ro 1,7wj lkz9-cc4(wd evtgb88a compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressqa4 -*c8k9wp7td, blr8vzcoe wgj1(dure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all)7ucxn+ mog1,zaqj vumdko. k -e l2+u7m2rl8 respects except that one contains 7ujlmmn+7-e q )lkroo.au,+ zk2gux 1v8cm2d$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identic-dgan+,)nw3i kt4 tme+z/ar qdc w9q)al in all respects except that one contains 3dw g-qemikr t) atn4+d/c+zna,w9 q) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dikv kp*lo lw:3 zh,pq2.agram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, ther69nppz :w2 elqe is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thexm953sh5z fxbb9d t9,hv0zdfpoe( l(rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressux-v vrtv)v+ hbd0zk9hrl-c13re as heat is added to it. This pro rr+t dv0lk bh c3--z1xh)vv9vcess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transf9q6prxy.an ih (ok58berred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of th8iq9rxn .h(6ab k5yope gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diag m r1t3cuc7*uiram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change iiwasjj:ol34a 02)v1 t-aymmin

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of theq 8p kzrha7jujk z3:l2p 90e2frmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as hea 1hf* 2)nr dy8pg1sbmgt energy is added h bsmf81)2*pgr g yd1nto it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gasw .rmkfo.)gwf34 9 irabs,gp.gx6n+v at constant volume. As a result, the inte9) wmgg.. 34gfa bnp +ksov xi6r.,frwrnal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law o53 s.2zz updac;7(uermuywx. koa p+)f thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold iuioegpo58t s4;,(ea reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cob505dodwtt i 9ld reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodyv 7p pshjv 45olaj y0)cz)5-uknamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During 0i6ppt 4*io8y .gt gglupf qy:q9:;djone cycle, how much wgt :opit g ydf68pq9l4iq yp:j;*0g .uork is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is de-gj (;ecqx + e;)kseisfined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink.z:so2 .(i-pjk 3nf:kak dip e must k kj f3k.:iepso z-a: idnp.(2be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consism/ro rin ef-:0ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermoouitfnzj4 :;a:1ugb 8 (/)je ykc.yvvdynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a rer9p:lmqq10lr9 b .lky frigerator is defined as the ratio opml. rqb019y:r kl9lqf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as y0( fwf*(o-e5qfjk tx the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrop dmer3o+2cyo cgs x035y of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pqxm0i47v+evj 5ewe(bmpbo6a: ( w t7yrocess that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices apox (embtiwma 50ejwq v67 7e:(vbpy4+plies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermo0tp.wm -lv wk,dynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamic2apo 7gl .jhm*s leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wha:qxub, o*-4h 9w:w ;sgezi lyqzw3z-mt is the change izq-huxb;z z9gq loew-i w,*my: s:w34 n internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What 8-8jwryz) 7bqyppb/fis the work done in the processbw z88ryqfp7yj p)b- /?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gm6ba6had kh 15as system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal ene 16a b6dkahm5hrgy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the changenjmg;.ytcv g1o2 orub;:p 7j3)rbak + in internal energy of the ctu ja1 ;2gpb)gron;+:k3 bjvy7o mr.gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proces7x.,0n q g tnbz(:i7dtsvagk7s while doing 25 J of work. What is the ci a0 q.7 tznx7gd nk,b:g7(tsvhange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the;i;,9eqoa igj internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is q,j 9;ieoa;githe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of 1inl 981qyzila system decreases by 50 J. What i8zy 91l ni1iqls the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume cqi86 4wp0qemu bm 9yb fu.g40as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is donemepc.86m0wufy bi4 b0q9gu 4q by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is coola6gi:je. w4m14s;kclgt x *pded by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removedt ixcwej6 1a.: g4pm4*l;dgsk from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg 1-v*ogpxwjjz:*- uoo of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J o.qp tv)r -u(vo6,zmyv *ona:jf heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is tr)*(nj -v:a,to v. zqv6umpy ohe efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% aewsy f kcbvdw-(g1 15.nd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it performe 5wdw-vy.( fkb1cg1s in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiencst ; 0y8bsi 3f:q8o5pzvstj0oy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. ft: i s00qobosv3;y858tjpzsHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycler ;rjd wt6w.xcu77)wk and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the .trw d77u;cwwxrkj)6 efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eac xmo3 ssx95 qy7e a*(w6rampoa9t;,f lh cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eache9 r;pqym mo*9a5(fxs,sw a67ltxa 3 o cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chaqqef8pjtyid eq)e k; r6, 6-y3racteristics: combustion chamb 63) ;p d-fte jqyqye68,rqkeier temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient ;eu tn/4q qpi 1v/r3 g)ond-jyengines built so far has the following characteristics: combusqn/4j;r i)1enq v 3/oydtpu -gtion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicms:i.nl 2k9o js; oe*)5/z mq8uwx8 s2lm wqdrs:sox:mss5;q9k2 8*ldmwz r e8wj.uqi 2o /n)m l combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. ml 5-n4jkglsi7 l 5o 5ie17zggThe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The2pz2 wswhut 05 plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thev xehxl6yhf1+b4z /7i plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operate+1p/ta or cppu dt+cnd:j(/0wx o1kn3 s between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical nq5k;b + )(csj ec5y.i 1jwiyiefficiency possible for an engine operating betwee)i cy5(i.+ies ;nw jyjbck15qn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of thcy.;:h p4jvbyp s3ssu+b1y h)e cold reservoir if the temperature of cb .vyy hp;+3:4pss )uyh1j bsthe hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bg01 l: gea( (lvnigoh8etween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from txd3,bp4p.jfh9m z6b mhe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cy6b fxh ppj.bd mmz4,39cle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ aid:(d yw6bs/xnd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performans:x wib6d /y(dce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a 6ep m2pu l s,emgc.:u7hrdj , bbzw+a9jld8.7refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requir ,7.d+ u.u hl 6s7 mjjbmzerp,c92:8elp wbdgaed in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g o1c58+y5szeoxgm * litf ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chas3 bflvgi1yzmv6 +0,znge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at;objzt 0-fv6cktz )s 4 STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes byz0 ; 4cst-6)zofktj bv
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at w1uwz4,rpxi1wugy*599hwpd $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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