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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics



 作者: physics   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-Vl 17pxk8w 83 ua jsvp6ksju: 4vpo1(dz graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process* z e16tdz4cao7pm8hh( ths ekx/tm(/ , there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami9p x n,v/- u1g,ysui+ ifpwo-vcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its tem rdk f0nfhcr16rg;n5 xa:t v:9perature. This process 9k1;v x65nfdhcnrrtf g ra::0is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 31hj 7-bfu99. ccie /6cnuqswp 0 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is thewbu1c./76q9 ncei -sfp j chu9 change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origin*c. en,s ibz)n/nz8 oyumb 18gal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressurei 1 zcs8 y ng,b/o.u8mn*eb)zn of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally froz +8se)n+ hyuh*+fkhu m 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism th +)u8zy ++ efus*hhkhnat expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isuv 6t f6 v+vz:hh*djcs)0rta9olated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no ht+9v )tjzda6 u:vh0 s v6*hcfreat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,0bvgl an r*r1; $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original vol nc*nk 1ze2nf0ume during an adiabatic process. The fink0n 2fec1nz*nal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idend ih0 0vi7r9whtical in all respects except that one contains vw0h i0dh79ir$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contains d:heihjyb3w1qergi 5q3e -)(u); qg/jgvh)l5 q( euhl)/ jg1)3)ivghb 3y;hrjed: i-weqqg $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrxar(2 tgi k.g4am is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chang8gjj ow0)ay s;e in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody /yo2 fy(0tedo-9ae;1okltx wnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand afq6v2 jh7vl1nt constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pr2vv fh7q6n lj1ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas 2azwdf 8o 93nxat constant pressure8w nf ox9zad32. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV v2j9um; .gd -fv)usl xdiagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there ipi * cc) /nbm+p po*x4x,yog(is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the hybw 565cs9zovq 3tg9rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat 9kla71ve; k dvenergy is added to it. This process 91el d7av;vk kis

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampi 4vsh9s7t0jple of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, tv s i047tsjh9phe internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of 9ki ops 8u27m v; pj)teo vi899jlua n/k(zwx2thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot resey.voa w1vg f5;rvoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a: ;)t :zogd;4ltvlgr k2t ryz4 hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordinw3j de2mm(li *g to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated hfyq94i buevyb1yt)cxd(i 69;ere. During one cycle, how much work is doneyetixyq fi6 cdv9)4b9;b1yu( by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heaezbyce49i h6ufy0/l0 t engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the lv8atmm 1m9 (iheat sink must b mvlm8 (ta19ime

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiszkr lm /uy3o)a *mwwjf5( 0qj(ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of gsh()zeln4wlgl 0.k - thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as theozy- +hmz r3zsa2t/ l* ratio oh+ l-a/zrzz*2y3s tmo f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COPn8)e3- -0o mk,spfb v4bmhmro) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropzcfaur1v.g8on4f2 . 3b 2rt vxy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process t*sun cjyt 1,o 2c,u tzne2jkii;cm1id2 8v; )ohat may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?n j2ivunzk ,t1eso,21oj;* m)c;cicu y8ti d2

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamic0o1f8 o.5lkb mkpw 1djs.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamicsu;dj n32 y)ni a-8u 9gji)uekl-xzc /l leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from anq)yj1ki f8eu7 qtrf /, ideal gas. What is the j ir/t)fq81 k,fey q7uchange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an id0;b .i qqialugja* y:8vt1qyh g,g9s8eal gas. What is the work done iags 98yl yvqt1;8,g:ah*qgqj. 0 ibiun the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideacqqt-+ m;y nr8l gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal8 m;cyn+r q-tq energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gasle,eu r2 2 b1wrxvx s6a ch/eze3f8o)3 adiabatically. What is the change in internal b hr833,2rc o/2e fzue1sax6we elx)venergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoesb)dup5ecy1t 0 a( km0a an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is thk1m 0 ptac0ayb5ud() ee change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system t 0 mn btrlh)i5t3xanu 3)k;-bdecreases by 50 J. What bi-n r; bk)0lnxuhmt att53)3is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a u053mddrr.zfgfv s2wh)r4e ow y 932rsystem decreases by 50 J. What is thyr3s rdwf ow5 h20ve2.zrf94d3ru) mge heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is ma 5 bsgw1vq9cozy3vu c1n98 (mk0 tn4ezintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done bmtwe4c9kq v11bnovszc( 9u g53y0 8 nzy the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooleqz shn(*cf 4c25g kh;md by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from igcmk2c(s;*5 qfh z 4hnt. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of uq83m-y 9c 9/;m4rts,- yg4 -hsjzv yohjdqzi water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and los7evw vo --2 0i1f4o3lc aayi,nq 1diw i-ahz6jes 3000 J in each cycle. What is tiz1av6 3oda2iw- ilc,0i --jfneyh4 1o a7vqwhe efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycl+m/nm x rq9br0 nfg6g3e. How much6mr rn xn/0g3qgf+mb9 work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J ofpvkh r0.h9zpec,7 z/o heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhp kprv0,/h7o.9h zcezaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 k;z/p .)-(yqfjhwppb g cal. Calculateh/)fy-.wbpp zg pq j(; the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat e7*x 2.vdasdvbis,hp n rg 3g-9ach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eac3dv*,9d2r .g hgv-7sa npxsibh cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has sjyohlals 9: 0,,h ,ixthe following characteristics: combus,0s,ysij,: h 9loal xhtion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines b vvl;qn1 7ud 5dftx*tll0(0+l)zosda uua2 6 auilt so far has the following characteristics: combust5no2)+fau6tvdsl7z;a qu l tx0 (ulldvd * 10aion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far/2 sx6wbde l1g has the following characteristics:e/xw612dl sb g combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electri h 89,)eebxqxp 2tkf+knk:)1vyn6 wsyc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genera*8jp(6/ysm cghq +yk utes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gene8sb .v,a/8mu ym2f wesrates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an enginew gfohworqac.e 9*(-mn+-ybqlt:a7i r*f93 c which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for anfj/h- *cz/rd85 0etgcm oar0j engine operating between cda *r0z5gj8r/e-j fomcht/0$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tempqv *2pwo)o1i berature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of twipo 1q*)v2bohe hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwee f- kfz 7p9qjlro*ep.8n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartme 8dq +i7ztvugf0u7o0h nt at the rate of 20 kJ an7d tuhu8q vzi7g0o 0f+d ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the n)fda9g.o c eh v;o(9(bivf4a freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What io vg)(4cnfha;b9a.9 efod( vis the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerhja8i lsf ms p ca:39jt9,;x:uator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the laifp,t 9 ussc ajm;:8jhx39: room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when :* mjfnw a5b4: iz/bd 13 vfzbtyjbl**50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy isb+:akmiv:- ckxkw )( z

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and it 3r6ht .h8srvoj yd,v;s entropy cha38s .jvyorh6th;r v d,nges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 4xrqn3bvy)fs5) cv2ovet e;5md* l,x $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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