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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics



 作者: physics   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the vw+rs, xvjbd8 5 x3b(eT-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change i5yk l nr ,)nv +f,/-v rku41nxgdgp8abn

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t8a/7n9dwe tjmam: hy0hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no cccztq5s c(t c8py9xpouv .8 i m.8x fsu;l2t3+hange in its temperature. This + z(p38qx 2si8;t.occtcv.9txplc5u 8smf uyprocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermallgo16,;yreq sil +yrw7 y from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the exterrryo s6+l,; igwqe71ynal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orin3vokx/d- p:xber.ie 9 7jwx8 1/hqjq 4a3bhd ginal volume during an isothermal process. The final px3j/4bpvjo1nqd . q -x79 a3x : /erehdi8kwhbressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durisnd8olrm ,nz,fd7 z06ng this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statementszznf ,l7 , o8m0r6dnsd is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in a1f or zdpdif*(m/yn*6yc(958r ug llln isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged noz 6*c1ignlr5(ufddr/lyf o lmpy*98( heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o*5c hpn/ufez 7f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressb2 l,n1oh7yl yed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final7ob2 hy1,ylnl pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contains;5sgieumbgl,* c-x g4g,i ;mu*cgs eb5-lxg4 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai+ qw) rnb3iw,4n+ ba6xy9n u(o mahdr:nsm6 ,r+na uwnd ao4+yxh(b:9wnir q3b ) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diag(gpn;//k ym emaw*h8 nram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no changex4/e-kppkzt 28s6 lah, :odks in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod)y:xnunt k:g 0.u ;ktxynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to ipvkf kw)epn6,a kc: ;0t. This process iapfck0pk nwe;:)v6k,s

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trans -qffcj5 04 we*i)clyfferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of th*)ci0j qf-cw ylffe5 4e gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram y7ij9-7d t,la x,ppp(ldxjg) is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no jw6/v p:bh4qi5/lpvmchange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of a0 b,o2l7 h dezt72ytothermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a ria51) *n w-a- an2t amoiwfp-vegid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process is aeaan 1--ti-wawm 2p *5vfon)

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferrq avfb p)cq,4:ed to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a q4bf, cpaq v):result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of ther ulmqcyyws+r)7-8 .d pmodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reser,, vbrizpa 1lowjv;;9 6n,rn xvoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat fro/ 1sdqm7ml ie5m a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of t2 odk*yr,f p1rhermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During oj;8iaiv 4;n bhne cycle, how much worjvi4a n8i ;b;hk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat enx)vi9c0. acgg0h,fj0h dj* btc 7fn0r gine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the ,f8s oaz)4*ke cu m/lec jl-u8heat sink mufuml k8/)ae c4*j8 z-sl,c oeust be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiy7 s5oao9 29ppy)fro9o2d4: f rofhk xsts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planzzqpf jemvho-l2,5 v; f:j 4 iz:ri,:yck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performanced1fm/ 2 es;pcv (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofmfs1 p/e;c2dv

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) *vin0 rnz8f/tgc xn/) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the w nan6/eok/ gtjt9 iz)i h2w1,mkc)-ihater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodyna+.ytsx hlz*kq,f;eot.+s3md;bt.odr 1 s y)f mics, for any process that may occur within an isolated systeqsf)h 1zoly+y.smtet st3 +; ;xd,.ro*fd kb.m, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of the8p 4 y;p8 vkc9xgypb+vrmodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamicg , 4(o5o9yjrcj i3fpds leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal procezl) 1kyai 3(ugss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the changa)g 13u zki(lye in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idea51zq 4ebag 8vm5p(c lvl gas. What is the work 1le(4c vzqg5m8 bav5 pdone in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process 71r8)voimb7vvy yb*fhm9o )x is -400 J. What is the change in internal 8bim9fvomv 1y7h*)yx ) 7brov energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. Whatv7bdh 1opj*e+ is the change in intob +pd 71j*hevernal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic procm0la6t;; p 7n*n3sb(g zsu kqxess while doing 25 J of work. What is the changk;un a7tsglqx p0n; mz*b(6 3se in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dedos79 *dk w :j,* e;ne/zvzgmkcreases by 50 J. What is the 7emgk; *od9 zwezj /:* dvns,kwork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases h2oueuna:4lp-p.)w s by 50 J. What ispu l s2upaw.:e-ho4n) the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume aof8wbl) vzf )*s it is cooled by 50 K*zwl)fbv8o f) . This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at cond vy c +1nymg4d:;w+mzh m(/znstant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the +yncn4:wzh(mzvg +m;mdy 1 d /sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3gn(c2l d.w do 8irmf* 6c v)krfcbr015.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whatq5yk nt-fls3f7.*h u b is the efficien3fl- tunk.5byf*s 7 qhcy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficienc q;usvs .qke.6y of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it performv.ss 6q;uqek. in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efpv6 7g7inm+g jficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust + 6mgi7ngj7pv in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle .lv gzpg)ch6tyott *xk 86 6)i:tn2zxand exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cy6h ixvkn2yg6tg) z xtzo*.8)l pct6t: cle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle andprq xfevq)o9z0q-:mn.j6y+5 ;naue s exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work do n6q e +z.-n:ofqq5 0vejyua;spm9xr )ne each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far t+sqz(c/.wa0z 5g 6abazk6vrhas the following characteristics: combustion chamber tza(v 60 / zswrktgazqb56ca+.emperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tvm1 td1gat/ vpdj.r +;he following characteristics: comg ;r1 atvdp1mt+/.vdjbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristics:sqw0ctj7 (irxfpidi ioc v7ru :6 +4;: combustion chamber::uji tqo 0 i;r4c6i civfx7pw7 dr(s+ temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elegyj/*l /gmrb-ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generatgek mknai0:3z 2s10d +.+vythi.a1- nhch gvnes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses i9 mssy )+qyon2)bf0m$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficrmz;eip0 7 lq6 a-(yfo5csxc( iency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoresitu,r.) (4 9k vertpctical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe(i 4tkrp.u9 v, ers)tcen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%nsqfx0z3 6-urq2d2g*ulpaokt:r i : 1. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hottr3d qgi2xqs-:2k 6ru*o1 fl zn: a0up reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating beuayv3 / (*fel dbbal)5tween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes 5v-n 56xgn,a cyqs2j mheat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in mn65vycj5ng 2saq ,x -each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmeaz t6r m+vsa,f8yqme3k1bb99 nt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perf9y3z 9 av,ab8 fk+q16mebmrstormance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of-8 pmu7lkkj0 t 8trw3k heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of 3t rl j7-ktw0mkpu88kheat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice m d)jtsrn t7408di27dxo-x9vwwx e8wn a) e oj7elt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entoien*hib 03)z ropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and (lg.lwj3ntd- aw -g)h .3adke its entropy chan)la kjh(dw- n33.l.dg t-age wges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at )yjszyxy 2 ;/ k1ni)xi$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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