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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is agtdtma 2z :pzy(c4 4e100ajbvn


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal procor5 7lo m fr6tha6h61qc1gk a9*hsh9jjb(wh /ess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyno1v*mey 1v 8viamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to c/dr/j)xp g1 ztwice its original volume with no change in its temperature.z dcj/ x/p)r1g This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30x6q yy5rr6hdb04 4ysw L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 Jyw h6rd 44rsxyq5b0y6 of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is comprusj a:8jihufi9 3bzf7914mry essed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal procefbuiazj j97u 9iy 134hm8sr:fss. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermaz4(adtko+bw0 ul- - szc1gzb7lly from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of eneru1-7w+0b c4za (sgzobz-kdt lgy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isol u;,l r9qnxv0i6xlu- eh 5*a0up1t7yzwd9hs kated environment. During the event, the gas exn97euh91l rkwz;0 x6hup*dsa ,uxtiv-y0l q5changed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thei71ggj j yb3(vrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origzs5s+ uqqv-9jo0d9i y inal volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure quzjd99+so yviq5 - s0of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that2n +f1k *e;bocw)v rr:(wn pfc one contains)2(ew+wr*fok:c1 ;rbfcpnv n $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excep-zi9 e 2 0k f-6+9vbzdafzsagot that one contains zd-o-gz f0a9e+z fv 6 sabki92$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th8fuvl t9c2fniyd* ;/te PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no ua1,p/: khxfox0d d *kazvs- 1change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermukrt hi,-+-pg odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is j/rk9 ye m:u1radded to it. This pro y/kjr1meur:9 cess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred m +qybole0s mqu0;.9p to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the interna+qpyeb0sm0u;oq .lm9 l energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ,bp8fb63pgp f qw vry*6bsp9b:64kz tis


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there hfj bre7po4eup)z;*9is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of (qb ym9 d)xma3thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that ca;kvtah(8bw0at:09a 0i)w srywz u:id nnot expand as heat energy is added to iyk:h0auaiw a0tv : 8w sb w)9dz;rt(0it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at const7kyj yb s09ll;ant volume. As a result, the interj0s9l klby7;ynal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermjygptaq/.9)s *m u h4wodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold resy6 o*ry iex51aervoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a vcy:;d lzk5z tyv,*3dcold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of hmbj.u *:el l7c-j0ta /4w f,8utcgqg thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated herhxxl1:q q9k z:ji+o,pvn/bdw q6 j18oe. During one cycle, how much work is done by an en9wzh 6pv q bnjq1:o8 xql/xk+,jo1i :dgine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio o,u4 htos6ko mhz*rb qn+ 7.eo)gc;mm.xw;w0nf

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mc-j+zi;uyh -en jry059w 5fbqust c-b 5uh0ir +9-n5ywe jfyqj;zbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi)ie zit3qm4j 4sts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second la06 .x; ;rjdc :tm3 b) lsdq;zg8upuqviw of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of peya+hr;irt*r, nsx8f;rformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o, xyrafrth ;si*;r8+nf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as tk-spz3 kz.4tt +jlj:-fl8cz q he ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy(mna5vi ay8 j7 of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an2-;l,z uu(hkhhk7kh kn,n;m py process that may occur within an isolated system, whic ;- ,pnku,knhlum(h zk;2hk h7h one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second b krx.u(6ru.x law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us t 7u*6tj xxijh yi6g/xw-mq;8uo conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fojoc8* n q3eya gz71j8iy9y.srom an ideal gas. What is the cje1ci9j7oyy*y8a.s gq8 o3z nhange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J on9c 5uanr gr:3f heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the wunrcg:n53 9a rork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal proce z0vbqwr.8o w8cf -ohi4y wp04ss is -400 J. What is the change ivo0 opf48-4.z rbwy8c0w q whin internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressiml2sjix r8rki40 : ofel+iw9v 1;pd7qng a gas adiabatically. What is the change in inq l:;k9ed 1i xrl408fir7w +i2jpomsvternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while d7frn7b hpq4t-b e9nxh,p5g *e oing 25 J of work. What is the change in inte7 nnxqt bhrg b,pfh*e47-5ep9 rnal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. mczd;d-g9h9 eexa5-fee-t -pWhat is the md 5 ef;-dea-c-ze9pe tgx9h- work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, thewdx6 wum(fn+f1l j,i( internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whatd 1j+6wfxln(i uw( ,mf is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monai5v/ pdy)m d7 5nuu1vatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from 5 ma1 nud/upi7yv5dv) the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volu rh6d/f57og ccme when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in th ohrc/g75fdc6 e sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg p e5,fbryr6h 4of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000aoe- lw xxdaoy5ol7 - *mb90y* J in each cycle. What is the efficie5 oa-ybxl7m9*o-x 0a e odylw*ncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% anpq4tzvf; e:v u03i:;qb - a7kfkhsay 8d receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Hz qu :q0bf3k-ipsva;4kt;vy 8 af:eh7 ow much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an pw-no)p0nbg h4 gm.+ m.dfo)befficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyconn fpbh) m40bop-wd . .g)gm+le?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal8a.qevmk ww;v9gwt2 i qf :3-ev 0d+cy of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eachfmqwy+i.83 egtvv v:q 9;awk0 c-e2dw cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatv .mdt17ehz q0e the wotm07.z1e dhqv rk done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far 9oa,8xz7wg5c lvxk0 s has the following characteristics: combustion cha a,lv8gxkzs5 9 7w0xocmber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici,qxd5 v mhonsa3h -joh3;9oi-ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combu o- xq9h;h- nao,3 hi5jvdom3sstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cj2qb/r mm3st5 jflcdqr6y)g *z:(jcby9o 0g .haracteristics: combustion chambj 9.m0*yjbo f()cr/ qsdr5 gl gtcb2qy zm6:3jer temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electriqk+k;wvx*o )ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrta*hce.,5+fbhn virk8 7sv(m ,1 iwpz ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. T dxxdm +,c* gba*0;pext)/;ep y s1mimhe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an eem62nc*ka6 zi: abs6yngine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible fore4j:: ijaiq/r. wwnwc1/0.u ft o ;ejf an engine operating betweetuw.; w/ .0:jcjo4 1n/w: eqjferaiif n $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 358+acq gtyt,z5.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the te5 tzg8aqy,ct +mperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat.nr4l6t hmr3 0 ndg3sming between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at-t ba2ur eo0y3;m3wo1l8 djp r the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyc -2rb 0wmjpu8;3ooe3dr a1tlyle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmekc ago( 0he,-a*itb7tym0s ft1 27fkgnt at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient0fk 1 ,ytt0ta(-eshkm2g*bifa7 co 7 g of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of f:3q lf9vttb -4lddc)b pdm36operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to 6qvldbtpbdc fdl-3 tm 9:)34fthe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice meu 1bxck3)0fe.10pk/xyuimn ;iy3p8wb r5 slhlt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change 5rju) c fr)y5iin entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion a,+ +sp+ vq.pz8c pwvd 1l+pqzgnd its entropy changes q8.pzlpvs c++vppw+ d1+, zgq by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 7152,(lta7goq vhztubcw2a x$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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