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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on z32d*1ho vq m(0 w;g0bgptv wathe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal pro (jxn3hf(ft4oh4kv : )urz:px cess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o 1u jwjy+4/ msv saz ujrtd3m.(;y6pm1f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chan+ps/, +odbjt g7*wusuph0 giaey/88pge in its temperature. This procippy7 w 8gs 8/tju/psho ,e*udab +g0+ess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally6eb+a4 ,: *bcm (,vzmbt owl)aiaa)mn from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energymala(e+ ),4wmc z*6amb:io n vtab )b, is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originq : x 04p77f8onhrculeal volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the gaox7480u qc7:fehr npl s

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. D.l60d2+jp6 dr guna imuring this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism tha+6pn gjludd2 .i0m6a rt expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmca 92s4z7o z1vwlkg4lent. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This prlz4cv2 z917wag4lksoocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynac-s (r r+ hxf:u7sto.nmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an h 6x2 pgzez3e3adiabatic process. The fipxz3 eeh2g6z3nal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identz6r hp8hz86rk n e,1keical in all respects except that one contains nzh8er8 6kek6h r1z, p$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in al;ga 9d6gk5zru9w7 kif l respects except that one containsfdg;k5 ziargw967 u9k $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dfo,iriee*5;ofa * btsk 28/ nxiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chayi; qq/,b;*bvpclg.if 9 fr)jnge in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami2ouu. kd,c/ occs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. zy.r7qgh: 6yt This prh yr.ytg :7q6zocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to zvq73 :wsv. /ppz .so2tmf zb)a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the int )o.z7.fztqvz2v w3msb/ps: pernal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dia yz7bab+lzl kgf:w,58 gram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, therhy62- 9ghabg *bw-ej ortl m82e is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of .bb4m1bo 5 umg8kv)ts thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container y3ve,x* *ankgr*jta5 that cannot expand as heat energy is added to itg*jya etxk n*3*ra,5v. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gkaxp )lv)r1 n1as at constant volume. )px)n1 vr kla1 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermobm7 3wtvpg-q ;dynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot re*ky8 c 8 n2xs/mugiaqvny-/o ,servoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a co4e:,gxexiucrly m m6 f:;0,mr ld reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Cla2bn1 y7 yvnjh,usius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrat fejav;4 coz5m*d(ai5ed here. During one cycle, how much work is done mdzac eofi4(* 5 5;javby an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio ofucmjv b9p:0qg39r ) d/y6ld fe

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engikj9j*thq..2k cjaawu t/.c ,sne is to be 100%, the heat sink must beqj *.jukwh atjc/,askt9 2.c.

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist8bqw*lri ;nn)-kzyn76bqe/b xl n7w +s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement ,x3bb/-0dmqnfvkm6a( ly3ah ie; mb/of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the 4/- ipvkms v -6npcur-ratio o6iuv p 4nvkcmr-/s- -pf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performbze qo0 zxk,rfof g 7xt-1/1k1ance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, thru7f+rxarp) g7 0g uy0e entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process thatu/xgu 03nx +cn may occur within an isolated system, which one of tc n/+ ngxuxu03he choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodhj *ei32:sri9ry seu1 ynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamicsto zici72h/jpess07p n8n0 u8 leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is sg*so3)yvj3 k: nxqwpzk,)- iremoved from an ideal gas. What is the change zxo-s*:3, )kpqn kyjv s)w3igin internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an+0 uplb.4vlyg ideal gas. What i 0g. pylb4l+uvs the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothep),lk x6g8i,q vngx l,rmal process is -400 J. What is the ch,, k,g xgqx 6)pi8nvllange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiab1d 6n(0ojjhrc3d,; mw6qizh0 ( gd2 vwq e4brzatically. What is the change in internal energy of the ghn wqw(0 hbg 2, 3 zm1;odddj4er(c60zrvj6q ias?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic proceszx(ihbd 6+ uh-s while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in in bh6+ (xiudz-hternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the u xzkfzf3zx). eeu,/,internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work donefezkx u/uz ,)3f ez.,x?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J.6;0nh agd;j* fgzy0iv What isng g;vz6ahj0 idfy *;0 the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it p6(+byy;0ano iq wfb, is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy yb0+;y a(nwp,qof bi6 from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at ntu8przzrzu13 ioa m ve5 o82 5b*vw7+constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the samo uz5 eo1v8rb*7ivunzw5z 2 ma8tr3p+ple?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at; 54ka;t ) tn*qr/83asb amxrzq9ujwf(kb6le $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses;fr u,n x+am+i8tyw /s 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effici nim,wusf y/;8++t rxaency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat /- d1oyzf me(co,xnwdo3bk 06 per cycle. How much w3yozx(bnmk -o6df d /eo,0w1c ork does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receive y:ow .1eykojjw--ixh gwo6+pib6 w yh 2).k)qs 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doek+ w:oyo-eg.hoxw w k 1j i)wiy )y6b2qjh-6.ps it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcas5 oe94h: m38/ wlzk*w+ oid5akpnwa gl. Calculate the efficiency of eac3mp8 s il*akwwe :akodo +h4ng /595wzh cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64g5,ks oyo* rd4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.5ydro*s o4 g,k

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactercjr,g9klxfc /0 9nk o;istics: combustion chamberlx0 ,;ccjn9o9k g /kfr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engine2lueraf- ,6 nks built so far has the following characteristics: combustion cru6af -,nkl 2ehamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followij4 b hnhh p19./np-o/x-r)thjl+lhhwng characteristics: combusti/ p hnh hhh n9+b 4plx-j/j)lwo-h.1tron chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant use 9mnjx i0bfp/jc *9 you ;47sh7ihrvx2s $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.n t*b62 r dowoej5qgczr.i;69 The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electryn81bzdx gabl-11:u 0a* dh*j aj2qzcd d+ ,evic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates*t ,o *zmo ;88 j,0i kpxxh*yabexc;fb between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficixz n64oz5z s6aency possible for an engine operating betws6z 4n56zxaz oeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine i ,nz(w-i4bte;u io.vx*vn ut, s 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the h,i(o xib wnu.v*n-uv t ,e;z4tot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatingx6. i(tqta0ea2p2j dd between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate otj(h u+ way- 5ezoty 3zeh,/y/f 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into zj3ht,+/(oy 5hw-z/ue tyaeya room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from ,u**hn o) prqv4s-ahv* ayw o6the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ an)*,v*n as po - hh4rqyo*avu6wd ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 2307+re:uh5 8u zcpgn h:c J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of hehc:p 8uunc7heg+z :r5 at to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when)tl(qdcys0ndg 4r83gun :i38yfdb y 6 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fy ) ovg 0za5 ,7wj00jclnlnz0hreezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its ecp9h763 zouoqts i4:vntropy changes b3 qo7o:6vcutip49hs zy
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at p;w( ay33tfa,nd( izgq r/7 3qyu 0mog$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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