Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles has the least maslam g4 eqrj/4*s?

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of an atom is6yt+aa5yc,l j

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The hydrogen nucleus consistwl/g3u d (4s cii3i-vk0uwi 5ms of

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's atomic number is93l- *9 vkoclugiqi-i iep 2/u determined by the number of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's mass number is determined by the number od,.g7ewmmqw38 z h0md+9 z;xt)hadzgf

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its neutrol qhud.uw3h;*y 92eet n number by N, which of the following is corul hy qeu3.2ewth d;9*rect?

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a neutron is emitted from an unstablexo* 56rjosw 6v nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucxjwo r5*sov 66leus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The number of protons in an atom is vz f,aqdg)+a9

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

There is a limit to the sizx 2 da2 ss0b.g**w0rh zdhksm.az+/eae of a stable nucleus because of

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers oafqr+qnnyg/x5cpt u p 6b-y,8j ) o8a*f neutrons are referred to ab)ru6yp* qagt,-co/x 58 8 nn+pfqayjs

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Isotopes of an element havybc(ktj8ch4z-k( 6jg* xb;efe nuclei with

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic mass unit is defined naol 28 jin8iygo )8i/as

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the masses of its separate protons and neutrons, the total mass of a,m .2w2qudwhb v a5h1n stable nucleus iuh,b1d.a25q whv wnm 2s always

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When nucleons join thn ;l9)tix/tro form a stable nucleus, energy is

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy of a nucl:oc)0hmn. b hleus is contributed to

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nucleon hx)7b ;moq b2lis

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per fd7d + obz.k97nouwx o+0awa7nucleon

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force6 llfw f i 0fb2+wp8ze,ui5lc6 is false?

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the electrostatic forcecc hvr 9b51rbjc8wr)5 , the nuclear force between adjacent protons inb )5jwr5ccb18 r9c hvr a nucleus is

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha rays can penetratjzy5d socu 5-0e

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Beta rays can penetratep wq6p19 wx4oc

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gamma rays can penetrate66 pmr ym hdnes,20e*s

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An a particle is also kno30i/z) ghhrad wn as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b-$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b+$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gamma ray is also know6ok7 8;xgyzw wfdr5zn2 (c8haeio ) u)n as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An alpha particle will bfttn5c c0*hj7 spm*q:b11 nxp;0gzbhe attracted to a

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha particles have an atomic masn6q rm 64oibe4s equal to

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic masm e mqqn1(,awc6k5c,js number of the nucleus, 1ec (,mamc qj6nkqw5

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particl s6-d;7cvpfzvx)pu , be is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of th-)pv7df;, cxp6sb vuz e nucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x 931.5 6nqg z: qhg;q4represents

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In beta decay

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b+$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b-$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following 7h -n8fp/u h3hp vudg4is most nearly the same as a gamma ray?

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a gamma ray is emia wt(6t/7gls+(yts3)ls;upq3mlq+z 9joh h ptted from an unstable nucleus,

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which particle has t v t3qc/u+cg,khe most mass?

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In all three types of radioactive decay, what value is fbnyd4 )pvs,mh3b6g4 conserved in addition to electric charge, energy, and momentm4fh)ypbbn s3v6, 4gdum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as iif 9cp vaf )g*-*+i9cfq8rkxnt decays?

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. Thishmb1(n 0 qg:z un8v*eglk,as, nucleus emits a single betmega8, n*(:01 k qsvbngulhz,a particle when it decays. When this happens, the resulting nucleus is

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses a maz (ce bm+5l+tbgnetic field to curve charged particles is a

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses liquid hydrogen is 3 dzz 8fvxz)e4a

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chambers n5xb -)/iczv /)mdcd(74cv yw,yqaxa because

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and a 7-u d0kgs+g8tpjy/i-gr;vb u ov7;gp tomic number 6 has how many protons;u+t7rvsvg0dib;-gpuj8p -g kog y/ 7?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 hafv+mlyi(-/ n is how many neutronimyf/vl (i -+ns?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectivel n *w;iingn50ny8f jgqm51v*uy. How my51fwg *n85;jiiq nn m*gv0un any nucleons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass nu tx)-r+arlz4 hmber for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many electrons are in one atozhtr+a) r4xl -m?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectivlh/zotc1 p 5(qely. How many protzp/h1 5(cqtol ons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass nuss0hw lfa//elhgvo3 45 x/ vw8mber for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many neutrons are in one a5fwh g8s/0avh3 v /sox/lel4 wtom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons, ne 58+fa wdss2c7pu ) fzdps13bautrons, and electrons is 41

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many protons are there in the carbon-14 nucleus?hx1tg7w5 sgyj9 ggz; /ym,a(j

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an element of atomic number 15 has an isotope of uq;(j nm;i :cge+v9cij0ip zewmr,/ / mass number 32,

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Calculate the binding enerj3 ct 4 *kjnq5pz-j kz 36hlydy;7g)dsgy of $^4He$.

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy is required to rem86e9 q :yjjh.jslg8adove one proton from $^9Be$?

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 88 goes thromqk;jw6(q4 etuss5 c chy*9.x ugh alpha decay. Its atomic number is n cs(m qqscjeyt;u k4x65w.h*9ow

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom has 98 protons and 249 nucleons. If it undergoes alph ak1, c,fz6rpwa decay, what are the number of,k,wpa6c1 rzf protons and neutrons, respectively, in the daughter nucleus?

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A carbon-14 nucleus decays to a nitroge 6c5s :ah9magbymz.e3/e .s gkn-14 nucleus by beta decay. How much energy (in MeV) is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14e:asb9m y/z.gkhea cg 3 .5s6m.003074 u?

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic now.isr8lu +p77pe: miy+ 3jxnumber 6 undergoes $b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the half-life of a material is 45 years, how much will be left after t pliog f v.cimej a;p,x:1)4 xh3p/e1100 years?:1l/hpi x4;3m jcp f)o xe.ie gtv1p,a

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years?

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the probability that an atom will decay this year if its hatwd, r yu0kizoj 55 m2s:um9;,lcar3q lf-life is 247 years?2 ,l;ayr,u0:rtkq 9ouc j mi35zmwds5

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Thallium source wasg8, +5up:7 25msbyf e6 gwg/wzyr c jcf0dwy9k certified at $10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years?

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive sample has a half-life ofe.m h+ 5 b2sjuo4g.coj 10 min. What fraction of the sample is left after 40 5u..cm42o bsjojg+he min?

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodi54nd u3akeuuv, ew.;-ew l*vane nuclei are necessary to produce an activity oudea v;wul4 wek 5u*3ea,- .nvf $1.0 \; \mu Ci$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive substance with a half-life of 3.0 days has 3 p7rcf;.h d aqala47agw4t+pan initial activity of a4+c 7dpwh;qatfplr43. 7 aag$0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days?

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The radioactivity due to carbon-14 measured in a piece of a wooden casket fobf,l9t/)zt from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount of carbon from a piece of living wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-life of tb),lf z/ tf9ocarbon-14, a beta emitter, is 5730 years. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about

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70#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long would it take iq w24qwp nq88h7sp. n$4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long will it take a fwc+(g fiy:a6:4e n kb$4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years?

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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