Which of Newton's laws best explains why motorists should buckl0ej-y.giv l b)e-up?

  When you sit on a chair, the resultant force on x 2.jq8xogp5kyou is

  In the absence of an externalyq(s7vvfu cga1) i:6p force, a moving object will

  When the rocket engines on the starship NO-PAIN- -trxu8bk2sy jh9y mdc/80dh9 NO-GAIN are suddenly turned off, while traveling in empty space, the starship wilyrdtj0 c8-suh92 9xmd8hk y/bl

  A rocket moves througw.- a/oplov: oh empty space in a straight line with constant speed. It is far from the gravitatiowl/.av :oo-po nal effect of any star or planet. Under these conditions, the force that must be applied to the rocket in order to sustain its motion is

  You are standing in a moving bus, facing forwar6dzam s ejid2: cp+pk+p i.ie-7nsa65d, and you suddenly fall forward. You can imply from this that the bus'p aci +p-nms527i p:i6dkezs.daj6+e s

  You are standing in a moving bus, facing forward, and+3ykkdj 1wx/,zd jw2s 24vbbd you suddenly fall forward as the bus comes to an immediate stop. What d dd2kkbw1 /,s2zb43v +wj jyxforce caused you to fall forward?

  A constant net force acts on an object. Describe the motion of the objec)pk6mea5b5xh +k* prst.

  The acceleration of an object is inv8:es7hb 89b ydweeyi/ersely proportional to

  A net force F accelerates a mass m with an acceleration a. If the saf 1ys6qx ;mfdeem/ b(,me net force is app yf;,ms xdf1mq6ee/(blied to mass 2m, then the acceleration will be

  A net force F acts on a mass m and produces an accelerati bmxig24z-ig z.bc 6.oon a. What acceleration results if6gicx ..2-zbzg iob4 m a net force 2F acts on mass 4m?

  If you blow up a balloon, and theqaxohp z /pzoiz0wv.,tr g 5 ak6e3 5sc9(oe52n release it, the balloon will fly away. This is an ill5cehazqriv e o(tw2zs6/p. k5 3xo p z,0go59austration of

  Two cars collide head-on. At every(s:h.uqw 6gcip f m2w gyq312qs5/ij c moment during the collision, the magnitude of the force the first car exert3g6w gsm i /q(wc5qi 12jhsycu2q.f p:s on the second is exactly equal to the magnitude of the force the second car exerts on the first. This is an example of

  If you exert a force F on an object, the force which the object exerpyrz wp *9g)e2ts on you willg* 9prw )2yzep

  Action-reaction forcesipw x*;bgv/q 0

  Action-reaction forces+r6 )t 8p peqkj3oxb0h4pyd6r are

  A 20-ton truck collides with a 1500-lb car and causes a lot of damage ti1eae;4 y6a e8fr)yywo the car. Since a lot of damageeae 1 y)8y6war4yi;f e is done on the car

  An object of mass m sits on a flat table. The Eaf /gs:lh-5 yyox qhb:.2j eqb0rth pulls on this object with force mg, which we will call the action forjh-g: 2.xhe/b0osy:y b qqlf 5ce. What is the reaction force?

  A child's toy is suspended from tfb g qd e:v8ibk()g72ahe ceiling by means of a string. The Earth pulls downward on the toy with its weiei:bb avq8d2g fg)k7(ght force of 8.0 N. If this is the "action force," what is the "reaction force"?

  Your bat hits the ball pitched to you with a 1500-N inswnm4pi+4f 5 /um)t . qqahz5z-miz; getantaneous force. The ball hits the baf5ti;/qazwh mm 4m5)q g+ u4-ez ip.znt with an instantaneous force, whose magnitude is

State Newton's three lawi.a9 ,nmf0gkys.

  Mass and weight

  The acceleration due to gravity is lower on the Moon than on Earth. Whi6bcadbv3) efijzm7et u(2j wib :1;z,ch of the following is true about the mass and weight, tzdub i3b2bc :7 1wiaj(jzefve6);m of an astronaut on the Moon's surface, compared to Earth?

  An example of a force which acts at a bu0y)yfls0q)5ev,uo r.ipo2tzb/ r; distance is

  Who has a greater weight to mass ratio, a person weighing 400 N or .b afgeklt(.6/ ojt2k a person weighing 600 N? 6j ek(tk.fog2bl t.a/

  A stone is thrown straight up. At the top of its path, the net for1xokhi2rvn -/ xm d1w;ce acting on it i hvm1kd; 2xiw1no-rx/ s

  A 20-N weight and a 5.0-N weight are dropped simultaneously fro.6bh8qt mka6t m the same height. Ignore air resistancmqa86th bt6k.e. Compare their accelerations.

  A brick and a feather fall to the earth at; xyddps*3m,itv5 -nh their respective terminal velocities. Which object experiences the greater fo d yxt-5v*3sdhmp;ni ,rce of air friction?

  An object of mass m is hanging by a sw(riw.nqbyjts9( -6 rtring from the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is moving up at constant speed. r-rwt jbis9(.6 wnq(y What is the tension in the string?

  An object of mass m is hangoa:ir(zgr-p a is,.b-ing by a string from the ceiling of an elevator. The elevatoro.p:r s abigr-iz(,a- is moving upward, but slowing down. What is the tension in the string?

  The force that keeps you zpo :- qi9lm9sfrom sliding on an icy sidewalk is

  It's more difficult to start moving a heavy carton from rest thot.ywj ,0oeideb u62)+ sy .txan it is to keep pushing it with coouyysj2w.b 0+ei. dto6ex),tnstant velocity, because

  A horizontal force accelerates a bw b*r m3r4cpg2s;4ssvox from rest across a horizontal surface (friction is present) at a constant ratec2;b4r gsrw3*sv mps4. The experiment is repeated, and all conditions remain the same with the exception that the horizontal force is doubled. What happens to the box's acceleration?

  A packing crate slides down an inclined ramp at34xmev2j12urpc x 4hs ko6-dt constant velocity. Thus we can deduce th o163e 4 42dx-v2utsr jhxpckmat

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane inclined a-z1a9tt(+ z2a k ibcbdt an angle q with the horizontal. The normal reaction force exerted by the plane on the blt1 (dckbz- at9bi+za2ock is

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionlesf -8eeo pes/w4s plane inclined at an angle q with the horizontal.o/ef84ep w se- The normal reaction force exerted by the plane on the block is directed

  A block of mass M slides down a frictionless plane inclined at an angle q wi9m/gz cl 6yz7/x zj9bhth the homcyz9h 6/l79b/xjzgz rizontal. The gravitational force is directed

  Two toy cars (16 kg and 2.0 kg) are rel9k*i4omdps 0z eased simultaneously on an inclined plane that makes an angle of 30e with the hor ips0do94*k zmizontal. Make a statement which best describes their acceleration after being released.

  An object sits on a frictionless surface. A 16-N force is appliee00p kgw5e bk5rwa1:jd to the object, and:15ae b0e0g k5rpwj kw it accelerates at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What is the mass of the object?

  A sports car of mass 1000 kg can accelerate from rest to 27 m/s in 7.0 s.zz 14zc1ny r5eum/b q8lpdt68 What is the average forward force on thet/zlm1 y8znec81 bz 4qr pdu65 car?

  Starting from rest, a 4.0-kg body reaches a speed of 8.0 m/s in 2.0 s. Whu 3sn5l/y*n nl tnugej0w+ *l+byq,+qat is the net force actisjqule+,lgyy*n5+/u30l n tnnw+ q*bng on the body?

  An antitank weapon fires a 3.00-kg rocket whim7*)b 7.lr maamy pj+pch acquires a speed of 50.0 m/s after travelina y7lr)b+ *pmmp7jma. g
90.0 cm down a launching tube. Assuming the rocket was accelerated uniformly, what is the average force acted on it?

  If you push a 4.0-kg mass with the saktery:ioa pcl 92 g t20v62g3cme force that you push a 10-kg mass from restc2 g6i krcot0p9:a3v2e2 ygtl,

  What is the mass of a person who weighs 110 /zz)nun lk/i0lb?

  What is the mass of an ob.f ad em pf)jjofn*96;ject that weighs 250 N on the surface of the Earth where the acceleratio9f amefn j;o.d*pf6)jn due to gravity is $9.80 \; m/s^2$?

  An object has a mass of 60 kg on the/xrf /xj u-2-k7gut npkyt+vb.r v2 sv0m+q9 s Earth. What is the mass of the object on the 7vv-vju-/9.mx u t2p+ktgn r/2+s q0 br fsxyksurface of the Moon where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1/6 of that on the Earth?

  Object A weighs 40 N on Earth, and object B weigh+gw ef)e esr.4s 40 N on the Moon. The Moon's gravity is one sixth of Earth's. Compare the e ege+).4fswr masses of the objects.

  Sue and Sean are having a tug-of-war by pvy ksc05zo; vz-wt9( kulling on opposite ends of a 5.0-kg rope. Sue pulls wito5tz0;k(skv vcz- 9 ywh a 15-N force. What is Sean's force if the rope accelerates toward Sue at $2.0 \; m/s^2$?

  A stack of books rests on a level frictionless surface. A forc spdli0.wzg auzqx ,-3 ,u2fd8e F acts on the stack, an.a x3q8zfsd-du,ug wz 0 ,il2pd it accelerates at $3.0 \; m/s^2$. A 1.0 kg book is then added to the stack. The same force is applied, and now the stack accelerates at $2.0 \; m/s^2$. What was the mass of the original stack?

  A person of weight 480 N stands on a scale in an elevator. What will the scalerc.j ekjnn 61* be reading kc.e6n1jj*nr when the elevator is accelerating downward at $4.00 \; m/s^2$?

  A person on a scale rides in an elg raa9 u(walhau66. 3revator. If the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the elevator accelerates downward withraaw63a ua6uhl(9 gr. an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  A person on a scale rides in*vx ( ow w5vuxvi5hjekq2ti d43 4,m1b an elevator. If the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the elevator accelerates upward withv ejk w,d 5(1xqxbmw52 4v43vhitoiu* an acceleration of $4.90 \; m/s^2$, what is the reading on the scale?

  Two horizontal forces act on a 5.0-kg mass. One force has a m1 ocs3xj3e7 hragnitude of 8.0 N and is directed due north. The second force tes orh 3x371cjoward the east has a magnitude of 6.0 N. What is the acceleration of the mass?

  An object of mass 6000 kg rests on the flatbesb+ -kbw8 4j ;vxszt9cd of a truck. It is held in place by metal brackets that can exert a maximum horizontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping distance if the load is not toj -scbw;bvsk 48+9xtz slide forward into the cab?

  An object of mass 6000 kg rests on the flatbed of a truck. It is h md,nf pb4.l8celd in place by mf8mbpdn l.c4,etal brackets that can exert a maximum horizontal force of 9000 N. When the truck is traveling 15 m/s, what is the minimum stopping time if the load is not to slide forward into the cab?

  In the Atwood machine shown in Fig. 4-1, if M = 0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what iev9 bs)yo,0j go4bl,x s the magnitude of the acceleration of the system? (Ignore frictiojbb,vs9l)oo, g 0e4 xyn and the mass of the pulley.)

  In the Atwood machine shov.jlxou w2std 8,x))h wn in Fig. 4-1, if M = 0.60 kg and m = 0.40 kg, what is 8 x lhsx wj.2)vot,ud)the tension in the string? (Ignore friction and the mass of the pulley.)

  A student pulls a box of books on a smooth horizontal floor with a forceh.wc/ iez.l:ehz8x ,d of 100 :zwez.lehd8 hi/cx,. N in a direction of $37^{\circ}$ above the horizontal. If the mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the acceleration of the box?

  A student pulls a box of books on a scrn1o*q26vp3 p g dvhg d9zx:6mooth horizontal floor with a force of 100 N in a direction of 37.0e above the hor o q6ndppg*3:hczvv916dr2xg izontal. If the mass of the box and the books is 40.0 kg, what is the normal force on the box?

  A traffic light of weight 100 N ispxir) wd -3vdf6 ;h1xz+7 ho)8honp ax supported by two ropes as shown in Fig. 4-2. What arh;a+op)xn1)o 3h hr8 iwv xfxp6d-d7 ze the tensions in the ropes?

  In Fig. 4-2, if the tensions in the ropes are 50 N, what is the mass of the trafrgahe04(vh 7z fic lih07ae g( v4hzrght?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m aehhy40 lmp d w(8)he6hre in contact with each other on a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is the accel06d lhe(8 m4ehhwp)hyeration of the more massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are i/mi b1z;ghf. q c9/yccn contact with each other on a frictionless surface. (See Fig. 4-3.) What is the net force on the more massive boihqc1 9 m /./fcgz;bycx?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are connected 87e h(s ka2xvdby a rope. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forward force on the more massive box is F, what is s2v ka x8dhe7(the tension in the connecting rope?

  Two boxes of masses m and 2m are connected by a rop1budweo eu+py,7 d*y4,zl qc2gha+x 1e. (See Fig. 4-4.) If the forward force on the more massive box is F, what is the accel ,7ud1*2+ ogezby w+4 ,yc ex1uldphaqeration of the less massive box?

Two boxes are connected by a cord running over a pm 4(*nh 0u rvoag*jth(ulley as shown in Fig. 4-5. Box I of nu va*r4((hhoj t*0gmmass
8.0 kg rest on the top of the table; the coefficient of kinetic friction between box I and the table is 0.10. Box II has a mass of 15.0 kg.
(a) Draw the free-body diagrams for the two boxes, identifying all of the forces acting on each of the masses.
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the system.
(c) Calculate the tension in the cord.

  The coefficient of static and kinetic frictionh kan .:e/o mjqj 3ezc.:unq(.j +ekd0s between a 3.0-kg box and a desk are 0.40 and 0.30, respectively. What is the net force on the box when a 15 Njeunanj kco3. : .e/k+0e hz :.jqdqm( horizontal force is applied to the box?

  The coefficients of static and kinetic frictions for plastic on wood are 0.g +*) ;c*g(7a 8xia.hbercact vlso/d in +c(u50 and 0.40ctec al+bgxg( u7(; iscd)v8a/i .raonhc*+ *,
respectively. How much horizontal force would you need to apply to a 3.0 N plastic calculator to start it moving from rest?

  An object slides on a level surface in the +x direction n/e/o4avesz l .f/7gk. It slows and comes to a stop with a constant acceleration of -e74 ekvsna o//lg fz/.$2.45 \; m/s^2$. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the object and the floor?

  A 10-kg box sitting on kszk diait k 255*vsz68 pjy cwe7e440a horizontal surface is pulled by a 5.0-N force. A 3.0-N friction force retards the motion. What is the acceleration of *0i5 58saezkskv7kc y4 jzd6 42peitwthe object?

  A horizontal force of 5.0 N accelerates a 4.0-kg mass, from rest, at a rate ah)v6g0w:9mvjqp*cg 4t s0 s pof $0.50 \; m/s^2$ in the positive direction. What friction force acts on the mass?

  During a hockey game, a puck is given an initial speedsx 1nl/ mk s.1r,xx.6h 51mt j/o(fxzgiv 6kba of 10 m/s. It slides 50 m on the ice before it stops. What is the coefficient ofx6zsh/1.ksgma ,/ bx m16xjr(xlf i ov1nt5.k kinetic friction between the puck and the ice?

  During the investigatx,ax : bqd.84;d tkyvrion of a traffic accident, police find skid marks 90.0 m long. They determine the coefficie,dxty8: a ;vdkb 4qr.xnt of friction between the car's tires and the roadway to be 0.500 for the prevailing conditions. Estimate the speed of the car when the brakes were applied.

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked. (See Fig. 4-6.) The s2je7ucnkg5m : urface between the more massive box and the horizontal surfm7 j5n2c:keu gace is smooth and the surface between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does not slide on the more massive box, what is the static friction force on the less massive box?

  Two boxes of masses m and 3m are stacked2,t ba,bqr-r r. (See Fig. 4-6.) The surface between the more massive box and the horizontal surface is smooth andrbrb,q2 r t-a, the surface between the boxes is rough. If the less massive box does not slide on the more massive box, what is the coefficient of static friction between the boxes?

  An object is on a frictionless inclined plane. The plane is inclined at an a2y dm-zoc, 0pjnglcjpyd,0-o zm 2e of $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. What is the object's acceleration?

  A 10-kg mass slides dort94yi c2wje7 *f/kk+ th+ ekmwn a flat hill that makes an angle of $10^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. If friction is negligible, what is the resultant force on the sled?

  A mass is placed on a smooth inclined pg.. lrbl eqf pb920+;eu 9fcvtlane with an angle of $37^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. If the inclined plane is 5.0-m long, how long does it take for the mass to reach the bottom of the inclined plane after it is released from rest?

A block lies on a smooth inclined plane tilted ,ra:d ipr9:v)qzz8mveir +w3 at an angle of $35^{\circ}$ to the horizontal.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the block.
(b) Determine the block's acceleration as it slides down the inclined plane.
(c) If the block started from rest 8.5 m up the incline from its base, determine the block's speed when it reaches the bottom of the incline.
(d) How long did it take the block to reach the bottom of the inclined plane?

  A wooden block slides d v5cojaw9g )8:d.klh n:t +phxirectly down an inclined plane, at a constant velocity of 6.0 g5 nv.)8:o+ ajchdkh t9wxl:pm/s.
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction, if the plane makes an angle of $25^{\circ}$ with the horizontal?

  An object with a mass m slidesd7 -qbo3i2fc(*uvb xvmc 5w+ c down a rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. What is the acceleration of the object?

  An object with a mass m slides down sg jpc.;i6r myst .3a-a rough $37^{\circ}$ inclined plane where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. If the plane is 10 m long and the mass starts from rest, what will be its speed at the bottom of the plane?

  A bulldozer drags a log weighing 500 N along a rough surface. The cable attachebbj40- gk9hcb 84cahnd to the log makes an ann-0cg8 b 4j9c4hbbkha gle of $30.0^{\circ}$ with the ground. The coefficient of static friction between the log and the ground is 0.500. What minimum tension is required in the cable in order for the log to begin to move?

A 25.0-kg box is released from rest on a rough inc,y-)rnlx v4yy w)*in ,lh kkq)lined plane tilted at an angle o)ikyknvw,n *)yq r)lh4 ,x-lyf $33.5^{\circ}$ to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the inclined plane is 0.200.
(a) Draw the free-body diagram for the box.
(b) Determine the force of kinetic friction acting on the box.
(c) Determine the acceleration of the box as it slides down the inclined plane.

  An object is placed on an inclined plane. The angle of inclay0;ke:eao561*yznwgj pv v, ine is gradually increased until 5, ;e1* nyveog:v ykaj0pw6 azthe object begins to slide. The angle at which this occurs is q. What is the coefficient of static friction between the object and the plane?