The three common phases of matou: sr* vtq56wi88kh fter are

  Density is

  Substance A has a densit6l9,3 le dsc h(-:cjokvvui.xy of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a unid z,l+mg 4.43t h 3efxzr7bthrt of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have the same ;t3q,o ;y9 gv tugteb0area base, and all three are filled to the s; 9eqt og,tyuvb3tg; 0ame depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures9 xeg/o/wj: umkt1w/ aoz6r q. inside and outside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happeud n:- n3i;gunns to the absolute pressure at the botn:3 n-nu d;guitom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. If. cmh6-n5lkf)nf pak + you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absolute press)n fcl6-fakh+kn 5 pm.ure on you?

State Pascal's princi) qnd.:acl 9tdple.

State Archimedes' princ01 ulj s;lh1epiple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deygu6 kz by):a+eper into water of constant density, what happens to thy uy: +kz)a6bge buoyant force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats in both freyzjk/pb.k m3wpib1 0+ sh water and in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater01/yjwk.mzk i 3pb+pb on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship floats in botyd8v)(u x3pun:7d4 dxw ij 1jdh fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh waj4xy7j1ud3 d: n8puw)d(i vxdter, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in w 9 :j+bign9*9 f0neszuf1f.gzy vs b9oater but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the buoyant +0b1zsuif9gonjnv9 9b9sfz f.gy: *eforce on the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, ri:)c/ czhtw.k xght next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which has the greater buoyant forch/: )w.z tccxke on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piecaf68k qzt*)pylgps xrf5nxu,t :96p: e of wood floating in a bathtub. If the iron is removed from the wood, wfppx tutf6a8ly :npszr) :*65qgk9,xhat happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A sec*2i*dj yh:3 j38ihhmrhk: kns ond piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level ins*8::h3hh3 dmjnh2*j iyk rki the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger the-g lca(xn7el x 4q))qan at point A. Where is the spq4)qn gce lexxa) l(7-eed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows w4b bfz1j+u7f at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the widbfujz74 fbw+1er section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe narrows to ha2rc193aug uao)qn.a g lf its original radius, what is the flo2uo1rgn)q a.9u 3gcaaw speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's prinyx .w7 /ztya9vciple.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law 3romo u 7vl* -pttq9-sk1czy5 of conservation of energy ino-r 1l*ymt vp5 cst3uq-o9zk7 fluids?

  As the speed of a mo yqj3xn ( -vjcza0-7qjving fluid increases, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The du+f.i/b svey ,iameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A /.f seuv,+yib. Where is the water pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air ab,1esc 3 qd/ bc/,y h(r6occ6sr xt-bgtove a paper strip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. Tkj+v9iyukdq(b h. ,q;he force of air resistance k, 9j;y+.dqviu bhk(qon him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R adki- 8b)9e yovrbv- q--4 zqzlnd 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall tevbzq-8 b- -i vlq -rdy9)kz4oower. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical 5k.czyxu( 4zvrock of radius r falls through water, it experiences a drayzz 5k(v4c u.xg force $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through adrs-myhr 23n yhf+,t9t j9l h( narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the grear td fhnshmy-j(l t9y2r39,h+test change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has w2t.*vxdzfgnn .*xn ;twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the z.*2d .vfx ntwxg ;*nnflow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have t-wo vyd04qbp( he same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure differencbqo4 (-wpvyd0e across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be asy +pcv,4 4 eh.r2teagbsociated with oil spreading outaeyrp+,24 e 4hgcb.tv all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water zwkio*l rq 59dhh fnkgrbw5+7h ;jfx3(422b e rises to a height h. If the diameter were half as great, h9fwzk hew(i452dh5 nhlqo;kf b3 2 *+brxr7gjow high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweieh-taq 72bl /ught that they can run on top of water without breaking te bt-2ual q7h/he surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, o*hpl :: qa( e-m-ib*hd+ok;cmujb;fare sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. ;-eh:bo+j m c;*f oa(*pkqb:ui- dhm l Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dim ggnx8q6rqv:1l,,k d censions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What8xrc6v qg qnl:,k1d g, is its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity kk. m6h5a-wp qof 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm d9iwrb*1 d68 yqej ,jwg0l;i ax 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surfgw; dr1ii qbj*a 8we6jd ,09ylace?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each sejir8 tii/2,m scqe ,,nowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (abu y 18ojc+al 0a0dx4mroyk.u.solute) must a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the ocado4amxyrykl cj8+ o.0uu 10. ean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximc;;aizpiyir5 v rd8pmnx6wfj 7 )94.vum force i54 zjvrixyip)vw 7pfd8n;c6;9ra m .of $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressure is 300 kPe0 oml1jn+t sm8dj(.ha?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface zvb *udkhv:8 *of sea? (The dev*8k z hb:*uvdnsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure au34p+3e hgflot a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (Th3l upef 34h+oge density of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. The small bi2s*j (3 k x/j:e0bnxg .g1-wklietr pistojelg xxjrs( /in0i.gb2t:3w* k- keb1n has area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of k,l6-bjw fi 2s5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be appliw62kfl b j,i-sed on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diametnz dr;dyx8g 2/l-w30n9up0vv sqdp 0cer hydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplvw8p d d/q02x 9ly -rv3c;nz0dpusn0gish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cmrs ;cj7 ,iz9rk; 3i gff57vfnu, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of ,5fikv;; ffg7jui7r rsnc z9315,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What q *vd 1/qirt/4t)ixnhis the buoyant force oi1tin*/tqxvr )/ 4qdh f the water?

  An object has a volume 7fppu+ gtq2g1 of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a s cpll3(*8ozya /t/bbetring while submerged in water. What is the tension in the string? (The*l3a(/co plz/ tb yb8e specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold toy) wm(.k( upis $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel sxe w-k1: k v0mbcm*6*k, tnectubmarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed a,39 fzoq1agelcp 3(wpl( vi3 in water. What is the specific gravity of the ob(ql ow al v93c3 fpz,(p1gae3iject?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, yie7qc4s0)0osjn) mc and the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piec )0om4escqi 0nj)yc7se of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 6 ipi*5, kli1ew ppv35vmgnzm++dt;p 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.m 1g-llnh+a(d) ehvj 57cvg p;0 cm will just barely float in water.canh1 jh(lgv7ed -+)plm 5 ;gv What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5.0 m long, xgov 1 (xh3;rxbi8vd5;4dwqd l-dq0zo)r n0z 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m3dgwq xdz 0o;)r;r5 -xodh0xi41(v qdvzlnb8 high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volu4r 9v3d dxwz4ame beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of ther4d34xv azw9d object?

  A solid object floats in water with threeq8evulg2ph 3g p-yfub+fj2- ;-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. Whpp-g+83u 2gbv; eufj2qlf - yhat is the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volumgf/ca)**-wvfub qf0 xe beneath the surface of the water. What is the buoyant force -*q f ubwgvc*xaf0/)fon the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on ph g d5pm1qj. .6amev*an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The vh.gp*5eq.mp1 d am6jspecific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 c4a*jvgp ifv ;ikp(;l7m at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There isata;945wcdyv b)cwl m))1 yw v a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line. vw)) ybc)tw y1 awam9dvl4c5;What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a prkr -q uh(.sf ei,7jd:5o0o hxdessure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does i ogxfc u(7r2 bhzpm6+2t take for a pump to supply a drinking fountain with 300 hzpmxru+c2(2g7 b fo 6kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tank that holdhkwfo118n-:. fde)u z nroen )s water at a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out )w1e. u8 o ) dznf1nrfoe:khn-of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal x )bqmi/w(p qc64w6 capipe of cross-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. l6u eqi.7g3efHow long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long l6gue7f 3.iqe and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the w p; iffc6*j84a vbe.sdall of an artery decreased the radius *d f84fjec6; asv.b piby 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tube A has twice -okn (ao yrj4a6f :ud p*,lp,athe diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how hi,jy fp - aa ul(dro4o6,kan*:pgh will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in l(t; )fhnqd: da capillary tube ofdnfth( l;) d:q diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 deg j6a*9 dtli0gz bw(-buk c,2fzree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a diamete9jgft6l*db( u,wz z2 i bka-0cr of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertica.zu81+*+xbaia lqu qwlly in a pan of water, and the water rises in the tube to 4.0 cm au+*a.q+izlwaq bu8x1 bove the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a)xfga4 q8 e6gh*rx9lg v zg/q/ soap film formed with 8grz xf/q6lah/e qg)9x*4gg vin its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has ztwf 076)y *a7koak0etb0 pt blength 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m.k0b f )t7ay* wa 0topke67bt0z How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?