The three common phases ohrdq1;a e* .sinv) +( z8bsmyof matter are

  Density is

  Substance A has a density of dv 0t i5zcpdah+6e-2k$3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following is not a udd5:h e r,smqzd.e2l05(w d stnit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All thrs+;sb2 n;7ywd *lsmdvee have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the;+;ls *mns2v wdb7sdy top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tire cakrx ,gkr- :kk6lled?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the y7xv)k / 1hwowodl:.bwwk7y 1 )h:.odvxo /blbottom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. If yon9,)ohc7 .* zdukozty u dive to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what z7.9c ) z *h,ontduokyhappens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's princi *v .:drr tzaakm2;0wufv0s6tple.

State Archimedes' pri4xb/ cwk7j5 ggnciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constant cd(fhm k4(. qu m5lerudd;q):density, what happens to the buoyaneu(. lmk()uhcm ;ddq 4fr:q5 dt force on it?

  Salt water has greater density thanc9/ adzy9 y:vh fresh water. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is tz ahvy/9yc d:9he buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A ship flo paz gn216kc,nats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to thek ,6ca2pnnz1g fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury. Wh;q j)a0shoj7gere is the buoyant force on the ball oa;7jjhq0gs) greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next tocf,82h/v uo4rq/q yuu a 10-kg piece of lead. Wh, huorf/u2q/4ycv uq 8ich has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bathtub. I6ub2agcpbzb)tou7mq2p v, ) x:dq 27zf the iron is removed from tuztbqdo6,7 )ppg2cm2qv27 bb ) :uaxzhe wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is flosz o9p xwo*84uating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what hap4*s wxuzoo8p9pens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe.4mwxn /*d.hbx7x*yq r The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point Ax/xm *. hy*dbqw47rn x. Where is the speed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipjqx+hy89xl 2 ce widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wider sectiox+2j xc8lhq y9n?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If tmq1ieohu adw /l7(9 f7he pipe narrows to half its original radi19eaoqi f l/7hw7(umdus, what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's prinbqo,;h -(zmf( ok(qeeciple.

  Which one of the following is associated-hh (sfaofei9dw1a 4 1n+l,ye with the law of conservation of energy in flu-s i(wh oflf9nd 1hya1 ee+4,aids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid inlm,amy(pev md39) c: mcreases, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through ax+gi4 kh*zdg7 pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the w*hgx kzig7d4+ ater pressure greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, th0,;f1.dji , ikq.ch6hvibea qe paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal bl/j)u*xqn7nmxw 03t velocity. The force of air resistance onnlu3nq*7b0 wx)mjx/ t him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall ohzg l ( (iq1vw*5cou7tozli 5 coqoug*v (1wh(7wer. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water, it experiey8vlsp vle1:2pj ixpwo4(k73 nces a drag forc v2 1yjl83s wpp4i v7oxpl:(kee $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pip 6o ar2wlo+0cldc.k r1e? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities b o+lw a62kr.rcodlc1 0elow, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has t(y b6s2tcxn:wd o5g0uwice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipy:0 csug(2xonbdt 6w5e A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the samer*r9tzmo 94dv diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscr * 49drvomt9zous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often taste cg(5qe0rcr 6pg)8 bzys greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spg0ez(c)r8y5b pcgq r6reading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water risesslepnz 6:6/liyypdji 6d1 9 e+ to a height h. If the diameter were half as great, how high would the water risedl /de6p6ie6zy:n ijs+91p y l?

  Certain insects, such as the water bu*krz,slb 2y x6g, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice a kxz,s b*r2l6ys long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bukxru6v(z2wfj- w e 95sg, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bugerus(-92wk6wj 5v f xz A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensit1f1(jt)oc7by8z+dcj l q4tq ons 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. Whdjcj ol)f( tz+c7b8t1t1qyq 4at is its density?

  A liquid has a specique- 4*kp2cgs fic gravity of 0.357. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measavefym 0e;0v5qd6e-a ures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maximum pressure it can ; v0e5 efa0vm6daeqy-exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has are w8i e;h,.lo sumri.o0a $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) must a submarine withstan)u y9b2 6-cdlpq(agx jd at a depth of 120.0 m in thqya 9ubcpj ld(x-)g 26e ocean?

  A circular window of 30 cm diam1ape49 zo umer80zz f;eter in a submarine can withstand a maximum force of mpo;z9 a8 4fuzr ze0e1$5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute preskzdd 8rwa0 nw(l28.lssure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (Thuor7, -x:m-n pim2(+jnr (pj,nhzctky-pj1le density of seawateir, jpzp7ohyn(xu--l+r12tj mp: ,j nn c- (mkr is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressureg1*mz*cqf sq1qsote/b vw02 - at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (Th0b-s *m qgwc1qvzqo*s/1 f et2e density of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the sma pafs6b 87jm0ah 9ytc(ll piston of a hydraulic machine. The small piston has are9 a8sy 7c0tbpjma6fh(a $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, thtqy9 n o 6.vib:zj7fi84eh r:se small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,iei6sz: jorv :4tyhn 97b.fq8000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter +yxu+ff8 c 4wzhydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm y+wx4 u+8c zffdiameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a z;owgyp( y d+a1o:v ,qdiameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 p+a;(v:1qz doy w,ogyN.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in waihhq-elu (t- 1ter. What is the buoyant force of h1q( l-ieht -uthe water?

  An object has a voluua*7 ral ic5w(-; hxbeme of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a string while submerged i/v,(9yiw xg;z6a cq t5in:gbhn water. What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)n(i ; 5i ,w ygvhc:xb6qga9/tz

  If the density of gold 3h6 dsrc9 r/hwn;v4vwis $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel subma . 9trxdd s(ts,8e,sivrine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air ae f p4o,-;,x4 enfhkj5.ip eadnd 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What is the specific gravity of the obje4 aop.4;5d,je- kxff,iepnhect?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 1djr(*vgy1 g ;3+wtdhc0,vo dy20 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended ( +dtg0yvh3v d;j*d ,woycg1r from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass *e5fq3 k 6a/nheuo vy+of 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm a3xaj hi)d*vcshkaz7 t43h)w.nd diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in water. What xhv3 w*h )43it.chkas7jzad ) is its mass?

  A rectangular box of nne4vp x z3pfz4tp*z jhu; 9l0-egligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. p9plzhv34ftunzp;ej-0 xz4* How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with ha;)-. iwt m* uirtprxv/lf its volume beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight-ttpv umr)wx ;r*i .i/ of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume b, l+-g pz-1x. oebkvbjeneath the surface. What is the object'1v,-+b ez-op l.j bxgks density?

  A 200-N object floats w38f *hzhqfolp,c cr /8ith three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the water. What is th8qhrzl cffp3 oc, /8*he buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an *o ik uxmew 2 4dh82)o:vofqx2ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe thatw)*o x ouk2i h2 oxmd4vqf82:e will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diawf9 q42:mocfci 7 :aotcai0qx)zf 4u0meter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diam8d *j v.ab)(th jf)ddjeter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in th hbj)(j)8jad dtv.*dfe line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a prej3;zz ty f0eep:e+n z)ssure of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it tak8 mynci4et8 *ge for a pump to supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m ab 8t m8iecn*gy4ove the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tanke;e8-:o8 y. obqmf esr that holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what r8qrb-mofe;. 8 y es:oeate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of crohs 0(t-jid bz cy)v+v)ss-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0s(m 5djxph.u t56 fac3 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in dia53a.cu pj x5ds(6hmt fmeter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decrease ve//;zw) :vvhri hm-:kw s0jad the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have t)s/;0h /zvwrvmje:iah- wv :ko be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are mri uqmkdgf ;9zab30,sxs fs9;5du42placed in a pan of water. Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If watersf,d0g4xksq5f i9 m 23dsa;b;9rmzuu rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in a cv u qxjqo42aj/k.u, fd w24d0qapillary tu4qquko2d.2awq/ 0,duf4 jjxv be of diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 d: czk9f4zc;o iegree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a diameter o4 zzok;c :f9icf
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the water rizd3z5j vw 81mjses in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to tjzzv5dw m1 38jhe height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m a wmkvl(. 5gv2end width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, 2 gv k.w5(vmlehow much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular fra 0v-1q-hmoeek me has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built in sohmv 0q1ke-e -uch a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?