Which of the following is the smal / jfmlf86 3x4kr,1a.*v gu,ec lfaypm;i7qdllest unit of heat energy?

  The amount of heat nent1zzwxn;1y4 cessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic ener*mz rgq4jyv 9ys-cxw. 5j 4*jkgy of individual molecules is referred to asq.m*g 9-jzy jcwv*kx4y5r4 js

  A cup of water is scooped uhl7eaf 9l8 2qf wke4s9p from a swimming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming p9l eawse7qflh 9f42k8 ool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gash:g qmyn9do 8xt3i,02syp l(6 f fkl0k depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is fir er)sh- n ec;5h2c6np*yd*thwst compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is haly-)n c 5rswehe2tnhd c**; ph6f the initial pressure. All of this is done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internal energy Ub+vxgmbop 7xo3 c0p84 at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperatures do not vary drastically is thatz8y 1t4w) wlmu

  It is a well-known fact .8o xxwu7d;1k*/s3x3 nlbix.a vp oepthat water has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that aw 1o 83xlks / 3.vxienouax7.d*ppb x;re initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heat, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up ug 9 bhz1,f4d c7m(rjwpkp :,dof a hot piece of aluminum and a cold piece of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity of aluminum is moreh7,jk:,1uc9wf rpzb4pmddg ( than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the soljb- hwet5.zy9 id to the liquid state is referred to as5w.t bjz-h9ye the

  The heat required to lvgb6t*nimf;061 ,guv)ua s nchange a substance from the liquid to the vapor state is referred to as thum61tg0sna l;ub6,) vgfi n *ve

  If heat is added to a pfi;v y;x 1; q y)3ually3p-fwpure substance at a steady rate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freeze*/bto3emmnb5 /uf9 *nm7jspw :6wbuks

  When a liquid evaporat+qcog c;t)d.o3qydj 0 es

  When a vapor condensefofe),om,gmji w )s-( s

  In a cloud formation, wat2quz1ra)u;wv 3mc jq6 pqj.y6er vapor condenses into water droplets which get bigger and bigger until )cpqm16q6 jq uj3ar wvz.;u2yit rains. This will cause the temperature of the air in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pa h;ay6v4uax38dj8dfo n of boiling water causes

  Equal masses of water e1qj:0ch c x;fat $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by mea dvtd5x m3nz007tao;l ns of molecular collisions is referred to asm03 vn0zxdl;d a t57to

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does6 *d y:n+3csfyzrzxvb (i8q: i one end of an iron bar become hot when the other end is placed in a flame:*8yz: v d6icrbxif zn(q3s+y?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal feels much colder to the touch than a :* odwel*l+dwzwk +km /n 6*+fw o(eygpiece of wood. This is due to the difference in eymdo+lf*d/w l(:6+*no kwgz+e k* wwwhich one of the following physical property?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material, the ra, u3ael3qx7v h5l y/xgte of heat loss for a given temperature diffav5y7 l / hue,lxq3gx3erence across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating mate4krgxwqzeb8b go,:j0 r8:. umrial with thermal conductivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The layers have equal thickness. What is the effective ther w8qk , muog40r bjxe:.z8:brgmal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the m.nrbrmp/ khf- c y;b*q. yoe,:uso/,kass movement of molecules from one place to -*fqr reuk b .y.:/o ;/cshnk ,ym,obpanother is referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism is v 3/ wfhap.8pyqv1y7( jya8q qrcx7t5a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occur p;rsedki*jk*r 8l;*g

  Which of the following best explains why sweating qb;udg;hc37+c;pq*30a y; khq rlzd e 3l*nfn is important to humans in maintaining suitable body tempe+l*uqk;;zqacqhl;3 bne *0;3rc73 pf nd hg ydrature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment where the /lc 9p30qzld:g) t7dq e/q swdacceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, what is true about the ce tgw9pqq z:q0d7d//dcl3s )lonvection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same m4p z h-sd5uwlbg8ok *(.nclx3aterials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conl po(8czh.3-5ld sugxknwb4 * ditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house would need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a raus d+dp g/p)8zz1 xg3idiator is doubled, by what factor does the radiating po g+sp13dxzu/)z gdip8wer change?

  The process whereby heat flows in tz xsg++-q-u pghe absence of any medium is referred to as

  By what primary heat transdea*4f8mie/v )w i ;eefer mechanism does the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to how much h zm8mn ionr59;tvd og:zpwdevd k+24 7:0my z;eat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to mpbw h ,sz.r+. g5 +kaqb:enrbm *;v,show much work?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 100qe+5dt o+aq 72pa 5fjm g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is addep.kit;vqk ixa6 x* *5i0or )xrd to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting temperature change?5rx*k*6ox0xkv)i; qi p i.at r

  A 4.0-kg aluminum block isii h e::ulq*v lo93fz- originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of ;4(s o6hm:nhlqepz t-db3ae tb bfp82f7).ju material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up her bath watehu+o k 3-yu/2nyj7/3zykwdz m r by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists of 0.10 kg of iron and 0.1ul,)komw2i.v c rv. +t6 kg of copper. How much heat is added to the gear if the temperature in)w2+o.rcv. ,kl iutv mcreases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heatex3 zd w7w.bpu/d to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initia t.b)zkhgf n(:x -3owdlly at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material aka(;w l0)n qlihuwfd ,k,;k f5t $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is thermally isolated froo: eqojei p(9.m its surroundings. One object has an initial temp i. pe(:qjeo9oerature of $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted toti7ob mf iu)sl 4ka89( explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one ex( tubao4m7s9k8fi)l ipect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niagara Falls drops a distance of f9s6ieil,k dyk5 s1m;50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by6d ki5 m1i;ss,l 9kefy what temperature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat loss, how long would607a o)ivdj ps 3snxmabz086q kj23v vo5ch4b it take6728 kjsd3sba0oi v3bzqp6)nj h0xvo4av c5 m to heat water in this tank from $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used t* va05gezp-jrp:( gfz/ s re4qvne-t-o heat water. How long will it take to heat 20 kg of water zvnqjv-are ge:e/gsp5*-r f-zt p0(4from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (m :sqy qr)w7u5oass 1000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific hfpf.pr-.zu6 jeat = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be removed frok:, u x.et(kubm steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat ia:u.5vs clve/7u o(j ws required to melt 200 g of ica .o7:lvue j uwvs(5c/e?

  How much heat energy iyl8 p6f8oy2c( t sj:vss needed to change 10 kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to be rem yu wo1 +r,3hidhif3o0oved from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When mxjx ; il-;ny)50 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water initially h;.m9mzr6) e gke8afxd7ixq+ 9:xyna at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water at f)h ,k gix*x5uc/ 4eanyj5;p b$0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed tcq d393vd b:vgauv39-fjc b0t o change 10 kg of water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is required to change one gram of50 jacuti 8pu6 $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is requirzvfl45, g8 8ardd s;hlo6gtw; kc5 ej:ed to change 100 g of $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice 5l:pj1n.1p:tlw8(hnew2f n hd/ zho zto 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vaporization istd5*rlo3q v2t 207 kcal/kg, a5*lro2qt dv t3nd its melting point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivity of concrete is u.)7pqoq h-x4d 7fyol $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of alumini)q4nikq92(-ek-p*x7v msrg qle8 k y um is twice that of brass. Two rods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent thermal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass 4kq * -is7xvle qi)-mng9e 2y pqrkk(8rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thi1s-e*r cpy5hpcq(n h2ck has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside tempera5hhycpec1q s nr(p*-2ture is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. cak c(sr1ifea66am+ ; hy 6;pr If the outside temperatu6 ;mfrhk;ecr1ca + ps (iaa6y6re is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section of ) e*gerpe*q,h g, ddssret;+ 3j5ifn:concrete eeese*3 +grdt:,h;p) qid *sf5r jng,($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to gkzj3h:v+p4)sydw ,4cx7jg * j v ktw)transfer 1,000,000 cal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost t5 amh7 1+;womf9xqbr)kb;d k rhrough a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steo1 3cn a(xmhbe (e5md+el, the temperature is monitored by measuring the radiant power emittexmm ochda3 b+(e1n 5(ed through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the h4 o7- ra5dre x0jc )ujon2ynd4uman body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (effec kgac qat;1g t72z)r,ptive collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.