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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V ln:fz 7y,qw jv cb0vl2(isa(h,ya/2h/ ( pw cjgraph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no chanlz i*ja; w3ww:ge in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofqb6axx(( t(y z thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in ic/fr1e,y w)h jnesz u.x/wtj:0c5(*lf:tdndts temperature. This process 0w(cn nfztdysc1/f)euj,*:x. d:leh r/jt 5 wis

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process zqh (* b(iu/xsjgfc91c g9x)k, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energybuc/1( gg9 cq9ikx (fjhzxs*) for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed jxuia30pl(8 w to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. Twpxljua83 0 (ihe final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durrf--3k lc6t upw eif44ing this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the extern-rtwcf e6-4upkf4 i l3al mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During t z 7h-n5f,g t qlnixwfv;4/vy(4d-l cphe event, the gas exchanged no heat with its su --vvz4hp7n( gt wffy; d4l/xqi5c ln,rroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamx.g) 6p hqawx9 0mrke-ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed- k334eta2cz d+ hp ng+c-capq to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final prec k2-pqcadt4p-chn z+e3 +3 agssure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders okq/:nhg 1r slc+;t0qfu9 k p)lf gas identical in all respects except that one contains l0u); ks lnp1kcr:ghtq/+9qf$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders kg/ f+ dkea q*,g,id*kof gas identical in all respects except that one contains *dfk,+gi kd, e aq/kg*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ip e.4 jpiqc)7hs an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change ivtiszg i 5+6k 9-ysm4fn

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermopudk.0ip )k2 lcw i9l*y5vap :dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. Thisx3+bv+cu:z; ss mj7k n process7 vnk+3;+ xm:ubjszsc is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas8 mhmvu:+ x*8kztc eq,am4 (jl at constant pressure. As a result, thehet8*avmk j,u :x mlm(4+czq 8 internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrao2z8/n y1jgmcm is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proc6-kwo9 ;v) a;fgm)zm51pofafixz a 9 bess, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t /ic74btezbqh*w br+ ,,qh4 svhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannmf m nmt4*)f-1 aj1mnlot expand as heat energy is added to it. Thfmn4t11) ammmjf-nl *is process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal 4twxm b*5 o mf/.r-q9)zchag sgas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of a /.) w94 m-mghtsz*qocxbrf 5the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicmhq/;xy/c z3 (j/guhxs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transferw4zokd( fo* zo9c;9qby4)p lx heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer - 3d ;n4uzogud oifi8*heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamj4fi e zm+du9(ics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycln7k6*qvro)z)jzs6 a. gsn 4w xe, how much work is done s7.6j gxv) anq)n*6wszr 4kzoby an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of0dd85mwbx;r a

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%,blm/js:f1 ;ss 3ou21zdka(q p the heat sink must p23f /lj(us;zd k1:bsms oqa1be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists of:njllo whz yyp1:0m*2

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyn)6 qu)6zob qltamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrmy8 (qqwba 8,jigerator is defined as the ratio ofqqjy8m( ,bw8a

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) oibrk 59eceb,f22oc 2 /y 7qgnvf a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrsz:gvvqs/ ;vc(fqdsackp )h2 7 s3q.2opy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second lov9gmse0-y :baw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of thevobe 0g9y sm-: choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the sevb+i/x+lueqo /a7jh; cond law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamicsh6-np7 ahxas4o1t)cu-9pef s*g)*mxfn:r wp leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is e:jdh:lw ls *3removed from an ideal gas. What is the*sjl:deh w 3:l change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heatq0xbq f g8(eoc:t zu7* is removed from an ideal gas. What is t ft *qc70gx(bo8eq:zu he work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isot z )pyrgl:nv2q2:mfbq dezm+ qzn8 79)hermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energyz+)gv87z e 9bfmnq2zqy ld::pqn)2 mr?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas acbwqh(oj f- 4)diabatically. What is the change in internal bh) (jw-foq c4energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoe4nlrf5scy5c f up6*7ks an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in i4ycfrs 6755u*fcnk plnternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal enerijxcz:73 53wwpnqe61 xksic /gy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the w i3:s 7w w 13icp5ckjx6nqzxe/ork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy ofd79lqd9bb t 5c a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heatl9dbc t qd75b9 exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is m.j;f tx1v2 cxro3*tvs47wpkqaintained at constant volume as it is cooled by *qx.1f 3js;7t pkc wv2ortv4x50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume whvbo9e skfv40nr7 -)zgen 831 J of energy is removed from it. Hov9 r)k0- gz eso4v7fnbw many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wa :c*:k)chshvt,en yie j+d s2(ter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of -jqj uj4ipo40 heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiencj qj4 u-ojpi04y?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150cc;zrmj)gbvy g89g8g :45dn h J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform :ybd48cg ;5vr 89zmg)jghn gc in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and r wh-jh89.hfh1fpd(/ k.8 tifo 1 bhqqaeceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhau1t(dh w fh. -a. h/ij1fp8fqhqhk9b8ost in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaustklki( 03p,m mwhkr:a +2oep*rs 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eemk+akwl: m(2 0 ir*p rpkoh3,ach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat em8u9 x1b* pzl /huli6tq5;xheach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate p elt85mz uu* h;xbh91lx/6iqthe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fxqqp: c1/ o/ duyis11hollowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = /i1do1 hyq x1cpu :s/q$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followin:a2o5)jk/cld8ae pdmg characteristics: colkdmo) p:j5a d8e/ca2mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followefkl s(-evk66d zcv4/ing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature -vel4kvf/z6(ecds k6= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantn*d *4hw;9swnm m ,uzt uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates sn, mx9r7ujuj i+, k2v.h o90 n)tvwdm600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elupbt ;4w1t-g wectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine whichuow */foaj 9l*,q2fuz7qq+ ed operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatia7 r,khbq+v:gzyq z2 k.tn58wng betweez2vk : nay,5g h.7zqtw q+rk8bn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is*b)z kh .0suzjzma;s ab9w jrc(7f -6d the temperature of the cold reservoir if the*u zahj)jrazsm(;.f97d s b0bzwc6-k temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatingcve 1jc hny:.8 between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes h6 n su3/wvdbo*(s5 i oqvk:yjo9+mt- jeat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mq ooy+n9*-jb:j/6(wuvs 5tovm si d k3uch work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment hf5 zo6v )cd5ej1he7uat the rate of 20 kJ and ee)6 zo 1vchj7f d5ehu5jects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation,kc/ii7l-cpm;p mjcd6woobs h ii8* k)q 5,.q( a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat tbmcw hij ck(cpo6-8.,7s /qq5 d ;mpii)kli *oo the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50iq iaz) ks1z.;p6u hq( g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice free1/7xjwu0*m lb8vk3t2q az dpc zes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isotherma f,60bo(hoxq*h *9yxjykpk5r l expansion and its entropy changes by 6bf9,0r yjk(xkhhq o*xyo5p*
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at k/ 9*sxw1c,re5l ..gh dlf1o arn0hn g$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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