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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics

 作者: physics   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the yj6o +ui7mo208k;4x84uh abr z jxa ugT-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no cezm2hfuq.4/ ze k)nd(hange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynajwrmg j*/mu +)3ywwz 2o4ut9qmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temd qsa5i w: w6gyg3;9wy0rz nw ;,4rk(bb/yzwl perature. This processz0gy,5:wn wy6 gzaww;r/ bs lw(;93yqrbki4d is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pr wo5cocf0 pw,gvw* i/lt. ,3bt6cr 9muocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the ext5 wtcmowfl*v6i t0wpc,/,b.9 urg3ocernal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during*dezp:sdr ja 5mt( -i8 an isothermal process. Themzds aiepr(dt*j5:- 8 final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During th l/j -fcx2pk-pis process, 6 J ojxcpl-pk2/ - ff energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly comp0v--pdt5w14d bxank nressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrotdx0kb1--a wv4p n5nd undings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thwrl :7c/ djmo4wk2nv)ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to 1ts0 dv5hd*z* 7fwf)h- mj)a) hxfclvone-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure )- 0*l f1acf5 mtx)vj* zws)hd7df vhhof the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas id 0)auglvmn9 q-4*wo hyps9mj*entical in all respects except that one contains *sml9u0m n -yh qg)9wovpaj4*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that oy-o.d+xtj2r +,56w slklgerj ne contains.o+ s+r ,lj6j25k- w gtlyedxr $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the P9we- k1,q4jeta pe+sv V diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric proces)d6(i) cbva/bvj xy) ;hw3)-lm mpulds, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna+utu72n-h)p;scz*;iv ptu si mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addj,.nbgs/xl50z *ipogu w,o 0bed to it. This process,b gsj,o0*/nou0gpiz xw.5bl is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant w /,fcux)d+xxpressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas)u xdx, xcf+w/

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is jhlw2(6k m3q13qv 7 d/mhe2.pl z+urpb, yjeb


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there iyrgyt3f w:7e,)p fvj)s no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the 1 5htrqs vni(f-(tg0ys2yzz 29 1cuzyrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addggm )dn+- ;l mw ym;zehil6.y,ed to it. This ;myy.lgmeg, ind+w l-h6z) m;process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant v-efyo-mftn) our-jbj. ;, te (xpm ,.nolume. As a result, the internal energy of the ganp ,x.bm,-- j)eot.;yeom( n-fruj tfs

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamic z+.1 jd;.pybz yks7wts.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from aq 8gya;rpc2, rlibf 9: hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir towb.mkw x06n: trgs.o ; a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according toba1 c+*y wem6a Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustra0v k:ml1cc0eeted here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cyclec:0c ke0mvl1 e?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratioyn:u88,bp *bjdb g4xo of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, nbum,eq;(7 vh -lf4gtd*st z3the heat sink mususv-7 m(; lnteghb f4q*tzd3 ,t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisqq5 zb98p:m -9k orkafts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statemqxa0bafnu 4w 3rz0feie **t ;6ent of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of fvdn:y b+) q*ra refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofnqrv: f)* yb+d

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defineuljm h*/6epdi* x9y +uxzux0 5d as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the enbppy(/x (verj;h u b6+tropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second laqfo2kf-r) r7uuf 9* txw of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of 9kr q f-*) u7tuxfrf2othe choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the s7 ckw :,rmfrzp9h:p j;econd law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynyk6 ivy;e28+lcqx; /xkaofo9amics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whatrg.6xy(8sm*y5mlz zca k q -2w is the change in intlz.wk a52mm6zc*- yq(srxg8 y ernal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from a:yzm m80k0ry an ideal gas. What is the work done ir mamky8 0z:y0n the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas 7: oti(munxv 3system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the(7x 3n :touivm change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically.v lc-/ 4y8tik2s vwnj. What is the change in internal energy of thtn.w4v lj2vsiky /c8-e gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an am -p-oeq8 ck j:,9mqhh4t:uxm8 2whvf diabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the cqcqp- hwoum2kx-ft,:m4:v 9hhj8m8e hange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha.np2up 2 ezs2bt is the work dbz.e2u2 nspp 2one?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the interncsugph4e)b8+mx qrr 7+;qfj4al energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exchangexrpem juq84)+;gf +7h rscbq4?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constan+dfjkr dt9 0t0)ssue0t volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 d skt0)st0e+d ju9fr0J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constanxx 2nl:zj fiouv70.+l k:ex(6f5vnsn t volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of ga .zl o2xx 5f unn:evvxl7 60s(ij:kn+fs are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wd7r 3wo+ m:81hkyxlw vater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eacnot/ ()6jt5 ert+mf atem:j)j h cycle. What is th:e))+m6 t tn am(t/fetorj5 jje efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an e4iwzoko/ 6q4n 6nuk)o fficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfo 6)o4wn6kznoi k 4/quorm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J ofl *dndjrn+ 4(d: 9ismt heat per cycle. How much heat doe*tj:d nsnl imd(+dr 94s it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal ou/x ywb-(/ynj 0jmty 2f heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cmjt -2 jy wb(0yun/y/xycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of het87nvhm1 a;j lat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work mv ja871n;lhtdone each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the folle2r -i:lve bfx/ki1z(ixe aq5/z5 e9gowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = / ir 5e2:z(x59e zx-a1blgki/qeiv fe$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chavgf7-nj:t b; 7.ji x3ih: lxbdracteristics: comb j;hb.j:x:b7fndl7 t-ig iv3xustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bui7vf,z h6 c;xik *xm(0ewhq15kwtvtz (lt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber teme(kz hwc 5fw(0k*q xt6i;thvv,z 17xmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elesdrcby ewzamax15s634l87.jc kn6 n6ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usenbss -b fi ;v/2oi4om+s $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW .s, gyrnw(+hbpy7j, 4gq2kjtof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficienc fdrr:t 3f 58notgn/*olj.j,m3n+ psvy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical ef2g.ji 4 ,scocrficiency possible for an engine operating betweo 2i,. cgcr4jsen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. ef3uee3 *kl0a What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature u*03ke aflee3 of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between t ra53, 1j(x.nyvuu ak$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removesgd( ja z)3;rkx heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work) kgd ;z(xjra3 is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from th8 ;mwjk8r-0jsjjw *0fwpud+ m e freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejectsk0swdr+88 wj*mjuw-;f0jm jp 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerykqr6q6: gk7qbvs3x/ ator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much worq:ys7 6gq q b3/kv6rxkk input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in 4 pi*iqv* i:avh v2:6lcou0xkentropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fr5lmi0dv 6)*g3vv h lcgylw/.veezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP underg gs7kf wo.1bapj566km.ld+yh/pe s 3goes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chanm7s.s+/p op56 .la yb1k6 gdj3gkefhw ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 7f-jqq0 rv lj+d(q+hz$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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总分:71分 及格:42.6分 时间:不限时
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