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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-Vzu9l/d.7l mk v graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process,82 cvx- qqlx/dx:irb0 hf(ro . there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law offxpf*s)71 2rqz8 drch thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice itsx93wt6v3up4gllxx 2 p original volume with no change in its temperature.vpxl x6p9txw2u3gl 34 This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process,tm iz*v d(n+).y lnjn znrk*)3 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that comn.nj*n))likntyrz* v + (mzd3pressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothe1)x-mni xwmcu9cn *u. rmal in*xx9.1cmuc n-w) u mprocess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 2vqrxxk, m )l i+2nnn3;0 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by ni+,2vrl nxq n3x)m;kthe external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event+frb:30ngic m , the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thig n+irc :f03bms process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,.s)wtedzc l 94del 0kzql6(o4:m ;iwc $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volui(kyag 97rj0 19ujyzxs dzlu7fe :h1.me during an adiabatic process. T jykf.a(y:g97ehsdi 9 rzu10j1xl 7 zuhe final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ide/ vj+j/bapn txkh0n((ntical in all respects except that one containsan /+(j(n/h0xp b jktv $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that0ja:zqa emu5yk4 ,fz 1 one containsfy, qzz:0a5 4kjau1em $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram i. sbj-6)fl nvos an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there i;mq 1 c ru8;mjs)jl8trs no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody3 fnz u(;d bjcb3)uno+namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure ad8 bqv, 7f/dycs heat is added to it. This procesv y7 d/q,f8dbcs is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gasi2 -7 qjzlj,rd at constant pressureirdq 2z,- 7ljj. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thk)nr.v-t 1jr2vrc/nl yoz 7y 7e PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no zowtm+cn d/83change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicu4i7-r7 (lq micjx3m vs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand m1kwey 9(sgm 8as heat energy is addedew1g(km 98y ms to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferrle3 o .c9m ;tcaz4.squed to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal ener9lq3.eccm ;tu as4z.ogy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamic3fd ),onhqu 0ta8v,fms.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat fns8sugs, pj * no4qu4;rom a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot rel c 7xhuuu0xn;dqs,; ;servoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordiq)dhkki l3 a/ ,8puda6ng to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, howimzxyq *ds, t9b+,owjzf k(/, much work is done by an engine operating o *,z ,,9dkby+jqf(xio w/ztms n this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as thwoq0r euj).8 d.nbna7e ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a q: tvsc253q; y4yj gxo*jp4zje5uc. gCarnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mus3g ;cozps5j5q4u yc ejv4 2xj*:y.qtgt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists wrilvqj 2z7a8 4hw-);kk fo 5uof

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Plan4wv7q0rjowe35w , o6:x tay jdck statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refry b,oolg( ; cx3)mwxd.igerator is defined as the ratio ofgc w;x o,d( xom.l3b)y

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defin4 )/yrvq- i; xagtxvv7ed as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, tpd 4z)1i c 6:vwoxe-kghe entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law oss srnejn6z u;6e6r.(f thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated systeesssenjr6;u n66. r( zm, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of 8ualvf9k/uij51beh-) y l fh 0rs.ts)the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tne7r(2 :r+ektr. ezv)vt/sox hat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat ip8dl2inwpgh736(xdw e.+k fcnv4q ,o s removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal energy2i qp knl x(8g,6 .+wncpvf3ehwo47 dd?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proces9f1e sgbhln /-ahnvqca,f7/ 0s, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What 1-nbf9fsqna0c vge/7 lahh/,is the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isotherhwhp3/, 0r ci j.)pqtzmal process is -400 J. What is the change ipr)0qziwpht 3/h . c,jn internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiaba c,)pa9g r 6 lpy5tmj9pse2ty/tically. What is the change in internal energy of the g yp)gtm/,sl969jpt eyr5pa2 cas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Whatza c6bh p:b 4*,bd,asb is the change in internal energy 4cpzbdasb,b: a6, b*h?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a4 c5sc0vd4z(g;fny ey) n-nsl system decreases by 50 J. What is the workvzg-4y50s;fe(c y4sln) d n cn done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the inter * uozozqne/a2)gv0ziw+v3 t0nal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is theu/o0ie*w 3+qoaz0nzg tz 2 )vv heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it 3c46 e* wonup*oyi8rvis cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much wor6yrp*8i*4 owuv o3 cnek is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 d r9j0:6rwawb K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is rem rwb0 wad:j9r6oved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kgo+q dnrkfzzi)es6 +7nn0icm x 758e r3 of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of hhayefq z. +cj ofzywx.-f- e 332utx26eat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the .z xxfc-fh6f-yu o32w2 y.qz je3a+te efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%lw q 0xlyssbr8pyrg18 (.i0o h) 6lgj- and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How)0ogh y -8x1 0wl8(bpjsrlqlrs igy.6 much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per c1laylc- zp +g8ycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclec-glyp 1 8a+lz?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kc8dbkp-p(q4 g7 rz8dz z.l me:eal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficip4 78kzbdd: 8pgzl .-qrez m(eency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausmrwb5ni;f*,g ts 42 kcal. Calculate theg,mbifrw n;*5 work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followin jq fc8v*cl9,nux2c c1g characteristics: combustioc1u*q cj2fn8cxv cl9,n chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so4fsx 5z 6x0/bv 8wuzde 4vo*ho far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempervw svu4z8hb0/eoz4d 6 *xxo 5fature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built lgn :x)to;p2v -8y rsvqn3hj4 so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature 48 )t:xvq-j nl o;yn2 psghr3v= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow y,hr*b*b-xungfc1s8-.a kz f er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electricq+q nae*6vdi 9qe,)cw power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates b * qu(*zfgd4d600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates betw0 ynu07dlglu;2 8q hjaa8(0uunomfs n3q:)h neen $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible bxw0)h2w 1drc0nb+u z for an engine operating between)0bndhb wu2+ cw1zxr0 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is ,8,0 )vbqwazfx9 dh/3jrvlvwthe temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of tdaww 83 0vh/fl)zv, xrv9j ,qbhe hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatin qipfj q+,ep. 0knoo-9jrsvjyshy+d4 im*-( +g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fro 7hlw qd45 tlu-;c6r /mmr-jgbm the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cychgrlr/c;wu 5mt-m4dl 6 qj b-7le?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator remov nvw;,-k i(a8gi5x c*c a.agoges heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. *g; - c(aavc.8nk,wagiioxg5 What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of tjqiwropuz2j q8)x.:q28s 1x heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat t2 sx j1pr28qoi.qwt)xuz :qj8o the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when mj) fuxkkqo.h7 z;mxce h+d9u w4,u,/50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice fr15gztn,uu* *fvajbsq5+m :) svn.oaz eezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an ;r*fudsaslx2: 7u6 -i/w;wqjzqq g/r isothermal expansion and its entropy changes by;/zu-s:jqw x;/q2i 7srlgwa6d* rufq
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at f+hjd 5c9 8(yn8hop6 agd j8tf$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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