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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grat iy ,:7wt(hv)gsed+ nd3 )vhtph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is notm5 gx)gl5v 4d change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, hm/f 3oog ( y cs494u8:vfojvb$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volum7h66n ohtkpv6 e with no change in its temperature. This prh o7hvtp66 6knocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed i)4c ,offqk :foif*ky;3xcb 8 5ymkr/wsothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is t4wyf;cf, k8ymq k/fo oki*3 f:5r)bcxhe change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origina7cuc) 4k0u .xw6yrhho l volume during an isothermal process. The final pres wcx74h60oku )r. uhycsure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expande* q::kae8 jlipmq e)h9o f4a we-xlc34d isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of th9l8qfl4 co-* e )eqx : ami3pawkj:4hee following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the g.s lt kfhqx08g75 bz;bas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. Thlb.fh sb;tkg87z xq05is process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofe4xdysc,6 .nk m8m *cd thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is comprc8u6ar8sk w fwzjc)ez;712o wessed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gaszawu1os zfc82 cj6) ; 7w8rwke

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all rmrhc/ mi .nr isyw (*,)y7gyq7espects except that one containsr*n/ym.gi)ys77 c,qm( hwr i y $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all9h 1* kcqgi63l pjfp7m respects except that one contains 3m1c p i7p 6lq9gkjhf*$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on khx;3)ovyu8 lthe PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, th q*8hhvq bm4. xht5bekr7cwgg*5/ru5ere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thdy(z.(2ny81e rtbi)c c ulo z2ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constank k 5ac3kn fup)8ts.exs); m3ct pressure as heat is added to it. This proces f8)xkpseta;u3 .c3) 5cknsmk s is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy sg/ jwso)-o*4afcl0iare transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of th iwj0)lcoa/o fs 4s*-ge gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the ,y.oc;a(x q c9) gbgsnPV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chang qjsx;9r i;f+ie in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermmqi37q8cv- mf2 i:- gyhipih 0odynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rkd5qf(s rww .9cpm()jigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. wf9m(dw c(.kr)pj5s qThis process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constanrs: w4guy 1m/ekq;ao)pug,; rt volume. As a result, the internal energy of the go4e gm)wrkyau; :rup ;g/s,1q as

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of tvc2d7uv ( 7cxkhermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir 14 kimhwpb9h6?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer hecjki;du fwza l 6 n z3qm90aw(50t.,ssat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law*dx: *gaq-co efr;8tv of thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated her752onkem8qfuwve8:b+aqipd - f+. pbe. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine opee+ :e58bnqb u-fp.fip 7dk2a+8mvqo wrating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat en1 mlyxmio(v5yuat7( d.ww4 kdi 03k1 jgine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effica9 /h( gzw1eeolc8x:iiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bieao 1/eh 8g c9(zl:wxe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist b4nt; yg3qzzt0rb3p .s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of8y0p8tj m1jm appgozc56 43kk thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as thw qx:*27ychet e ratio oc:2qwt*h y 7exf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump +o:ar vsih9-j is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the ,y g:6dgyc) xah-sq:b water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that mamzlog) 7),i (gb0w7gu by wen3y occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices apb e )ggy0u7i7glwb)n wm3z o(,plies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamic v16*e8bo joojvkp,5mof 23y es.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamicsw- em o3y)jqyd,1 w9ui leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from-jgs,n.llzrz 90 (ak,e ;ry w aer-w;x an ideal gas. What is the change il xks(9e-wg,a;j0w-el nz;r.rar ,y zn internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proceel) sbthoi j:; b/8c0ess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the process?slo ;)b 0/het8ejc :bi

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process i5 l zyyg7je/p og../ets -400 J. What is the change in internal.yee/gz/ 5t j7l p.yog energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What i iq4th*un81fh s the change in internal energy of*qt 8fu1hin4h the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while d0 (ypp(vapp z7oing 25 J of work. What is t0ya7vz( pp pp(he change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. 0zdyp kt.q2;;:subez What is the wor.b ; kdze20:zt p;qsuyk done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. /l)wzxo74zxa What is a7xloz )4w z/xthe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at co ;9h70fgnb,mf2p45 xlew fmzh nstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy frof 9,50hfgw7nfm4h2 plb ;exzmm the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 v2ta ,p/0zb/pxwwiyjm- ppimi8)b.9 J of energy is removed from it. ,)ip yv8jm-ibt0abzpi92p //.x wwmp How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3 ztdaip a7pb+s38 be*:.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What fxfx3)e7wa,p:od tn 6is the effp:6)aod7f,w 3nxe ftxiciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receig(:u6hn th e.xop:d/o ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it phxo:p h( ./utged:no 6erform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an effici:vqbn,e nh8 o8uc0 )hbency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust bo,8e 8 v:cqhnubhn0) in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cyc:di* +as*kxb53 opp wvwg1a6 d 1h:btzle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eaw56vhz*skxi pda bt+ wo3b* ::11dgpach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kc;zb4pa644 4 zud1:dazkn czonogc/ w0al of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate gz 46 n0z4c4dd azzbp;uoc:no4/wak1the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buil*rnwsv e-7cz-j (sjo0z s-ci0t so far has the following characteristics: com-o wz(*--cvsjssnjirez0 7c0 bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far q7gqe ,maxly0eq5 9r. has the following characteristics: c9.gel a,qm 0 y5qxerq7ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charactdde 2ksxx f3)3eristics: combustion chamber temperature kddf 3x2)3sxe= $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric8dk ; ua4 ckwmv2kmwj*vb*u 1. power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genf * bkbtzi f7078huq4nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The pl:hr-n55tzf ns ant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which op, r yu4ck+sylwfy t:(vhcj4+ 9erates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical b lenbb.r 5849pj1c xxefficiency possible for an engine operating betwebp5bxn.49 ejxlb1 8rc en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whatk3j 3i fw:6nk k4jex,i is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the6 3kejix34 i:n,kwkjf hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operati iv9k.3by)h5sly 4aqjng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at*et htu9n2 cc1 the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room pern 2tcue9c*1ht cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comku-ea5 v y2q9upartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performanueka9 uy 2-qv5ce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a ref-2 m u/jci fhe/cw6c7nrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much worwn6ih/cc cu-27/f jemk input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of h,xf)we/gu i 413l,to-cdbnf ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice ) d(f ymckl.t,kg5j7 ufreezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas d hxkn5xac f2201nay 3at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy50c 12 kn2ayh3axxndf changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 1m+hrt1ad3gizlr7s;qa;r zu.6d*,d 9k ge iy $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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