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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grap .hivbner1n 2+8 jem-kh is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no j ;*jx h.bi7kpchange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, ut*nx ,0eo3cu yejw4.$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its orig3 h-2j wn2ck6 ca6vpkninal volume with no change in its temperature66n jan3k-2vpwk2c hc . This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this prolm;klz2k,vbf -/svgp z 01 m1jcess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change -,m b2zz 0vj; sl1vkpm1fglk /of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an isothx1t oj1v(8 zxia s3ib7ermal process. The finovixz87t1(3bis ax 1jal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this prb +sb;hebq4u/yb n)jp1y + )ohocess, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statemhshu+bo)j)1yyp4q e bbb; /+ nents is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Dur+otqlc0;l d 5s*23679vl pwv*gq, ycpfyu oj eing the event, the gas ex 9flvc7e3 p+qlj2ty*qw;cldv ,*uoys go6p05changed no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, art0ifwfh)yga/ ( o l ,gcd/.,$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half it(,gvf ,kihjt1 s original volume during an adiabaj,ivf1g( tkh, tic process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respec 9 a:ld nf,r.2gzkmcw c+brr+3ts except that one containsl,f3r29zcnrw d + :.kr +mgcab $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical iz9 z vz/ 45i,:cnf-gi)s qjuuvn all respects except that one containsvz/i54z uvq9n)s:cf uj gi-z, $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram isz +zlp7o6cm9s58ci db an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change ing19 l1i8xu*wzofl e8s

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoddmt6: 2; kyeeqynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. 99rlt f9 r8/bxkleu 9xThis process9ftrr 9xxu/89ble9kl is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to ajg1ge 0z.g7 ;l;qacky sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of thgeq. cz1;j0kga 7ly g;e gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the fz(7/.r em 5zz pgi,p mba6w 8sfyfa-6PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, thmi7m ;+ub jlt9ere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoa noddvj/ r,m-*e* x z4j mvnyn 7fgq49,48tbbdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heata5z u -cbc 7fs9oodinfma7.h ::.1ypc energy is added to it. This process i fu.ch o:z p1m:bi5f9 y7c.sco7 -nadas

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of idp1sg ll bhx9j2wr 9u9x)v9a n-eiw::p xks f81eal gas at constant vsrvxns 99p f:81):u ihw29wp lxeg9kla - x1jbolume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermvt5qj)(t171wnrb9r .sgddu h lk/ 0o zodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a c0b o .w/ q/k;t9 +fjeiv/taiwpold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reserv 4n1ae 2.uu 1zevdgbf)0/ kxyooir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thxcr778djs hc )r 2as.sermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through t2-dc ,gx .prwh8kdm; vhe cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on -2v,. c;gxpkr8wddmh this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rat,el0*ps9g 5mnzsaju8 io of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, t6y4is5xcw.((uq eedfk5 l /tr he heat sink must (xd e/q .tuy5iswrlf5c( 4ek 6be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistyn:jbi3 lcb 1psl:bg8j9gngphp 5. . xp/,k-ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck star71r)w7pz+fz g ;t;rib* le titement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined asc4-sb a29u smn the ratio o 2a4cm9 sub-nsf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat lelrff+5.rz cg092sb w p+a1d60a.ergqz z3l pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of t e)ekke,8kf )fhe water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for anyurg*bkv(;u /p yyn e3s wk2.f6 process that may occur within an isolated syb3/e*w uk 6 ;u.ygsr(fp2yvknstem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynazd (qokmck q-2ev-alpka7- 88mics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads nse t0nz/1/ kzf*g+neb+d w*eus to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What2q ko8 n:zjiyaf5gr :.mux:t * is the change in internal enez:g x*rf2 ij: ky.8amto u:q5nrgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat imltz(axqg .q2// .s yoz(mi -us removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the prq q/(azmyxgz-i 2slu /.mt .(oocess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal proce/hv 3 s.fyb5o*f.k car pe 9*zr-bha;:tiug+uss is -400 J. What is the change in intbfuib.s k;ozp /a9u f3*+:*.g ryvc hh 5tr-eaernal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compren1qb( b+ (xjlm pyf:4vssing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal ener+n:bybp( 41(qljxmvf gy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adia-nlg 5fq/(lv/ .f9n eldf8xoa* td 5rzbatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change/f-g f9 f.nx l85od(n5r dll/vqa*tze in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy m*( 4 hrpe*gp: x;caz3e5ugljwzz 4k8of a system decreases by 50 J. What is m 4uk5;gza38pw:(p zc zjgl*exe h*4 rthe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the intern6+,uo ,b:kj rc+fif:.zilugtal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat excha c f,lib++utfk6rz :.,:ojguinge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas isr 30bz7p kprs( aez*:d4:hwkg maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of ea(rpze :pkw 0k7hs gz4d r3:*bnergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 83;vpcfonhec tv 1kt p8p6 t. olp+n*,;81 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gaspke6olv,pn.+c;t ;p c 8pnt*f tv1o8h are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water xvpu9dm o.h ;+ q(.mx fivz57bat $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7sb:+zern)-zl japz 5 vb;j6x3000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the ea x3z)z:l6;evzb sjb pj 5-+nrfficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 1 b :7jm*a-z,6dp7m temm-e nvj50 J of heat per cycle. How a76 dm,m* mbz n7v-jjeet-:mp much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150c/oujs 29g ,ip J of heat per cycle. How much heat doe/csu, gjoip92s it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kck;z7y: 8cfhg sal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclsh:; cgf8 yz7ke.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhau:e( wnai6d1vut5 n4vjsts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done ea6ue: antdj5 v( iv14wnch cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engine;svq zxnk4l kn; z4 qj86f2m6os built so far has the following characteristics: combustion vz k6;6fj42l x kso ;n48mqnqzchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buif6voau4hbdk 32 i /av4lt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature426 hi3 uof k/abvd4av = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines busqw;las/ drh78-z ( wailt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambs-;8 wsah(/wl zarqd7 er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.yofg;1+z bc:o The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MWr b-qqvcxxy;7xo )leb b7i/tn qy+ j t9n5/v95 of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Traza psz1p dw88jq 89 ec/3n4hhe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operate(/m ksde iv5e6 la7suv(+ pjn2s between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an b5v,dc( t n9cn*ju ,fkengine operating between fj* n,kb(,t9vnc 5dcu$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Wm)k 5.k +jdqzkbkg i,h go.41chat is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tempera .zji,hmgdkb) oq. 5kg4 1kk+cture of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwetjfg1 6qhgqepb* (4mb8tw0k:t2 u +o pen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the d a/f mm rll98ni,zq z;q5.vq6rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into q 896l5/d qzmfmnr qav.;li,za room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratevx 9hdd cb9)c/ep46l/jvgsy4 of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Wsv4 bvhy/ 496)dc9dpc lg /jexhat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator a uccv3:npa+t57curo 3 bsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to + :oc7t urpav3c3nu5cthe room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of icp+ng 72ww zz r)0.hfyre melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropids0 )aalb.; by is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal exp .73hgeb oj;f.z .midhansion and its entropy ch ;g.hjm. 3. z7hdboiefanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 8k+b q p /je)fu9c9v,ofnjbx7$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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