A device that produces electricity by transforming chemical energy into 0.*;mb/hxrdbcb r bf/-vo lh*electrical energy is calml bb xov /bcr0/ d*b*f-;.hhrled a

  A car battery

  The total amount of charge that passes through a wire's full cross sdazto f v/p323*xevxc0d j: y+ection at any point per unit of time is referre3yv t/ z xp2aocddx03*f+:vje d to as

  The direction of convention currew8cw5 bi4e ewldta83(nt is taken to be the direction that

  A coulomb per second is th*u qs6 c:66rztwobkovr;: ai9e same as

  Car batteries are rated in "amp-hours." This is a mea8 hv /hu2xbng7ajbgd/ 9t l1f5sure of their

  The resistance of a wirhfm1zy5jj h 8.e is defined as

  What is $1 \; \Omega$ equivalent to?

  The resistance of a wirw;/k0;6s.arc1p/a 2, gmeadr o ibpele is

  The resistivity of a wire df p-1vtrf,mdpir0u o64q2l6o x 0.kz jepends on

  Which conducting material has the loweshm(9qbhxw(a(l / u- yf* ksdyk8ss/u)t resistivity value?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the le5, u0 / bixnho*gyjvg+ngth of the other. How do the resistivities of these two ug g5yn/+ *oxj,bi0hv wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twiu cwn/uvppcl,,i3* g0 ce the length of the other. How do the resistances of these two wires p ,u*luc30p,iwgn c/vcompare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twic dab 2y8ryu/p4e the cross-sectional area of the other. How24/br8du pa yy do the resistances of these two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the length and tw/ -erftx. dyv+ice the cross-sectional+- td/vxf .rey area of the other. How do the resistances of these two wires compare?

  The length of a wire is doubled and the radius is doubled. By ww6yrfv18.d or q-hu. what factor does the resistance wdw-qur8fv1h o.r .y6change?

  How much more resistance does a 1.0 cm diameter rod have compared to xa.mfnj11 ltxv6/ ft ,yix90rr t(cp8a 2.0 cm diamet8/ p(xtntxxj rtc mvf .y19,ai06r 1fler rod of the same length and made of the same material?

  The resistivity of most commone 1k 8)xhzirfstzx 1i j6 qqm74xlfu:**s5 tu) metals

  Negative temperature coefficients of s4o e3babl:/;efr c,l resistivity

  What is 1 W equivalent tptf6 av 9eeeojdw 6:nr5z/,5xo?

  A kilowatt-hour is equivjgr3e+c dho 62 p57hobalent to

  If the resistance in a constant voltagehsgj++nczs-x ,t1k; ae v00 ru circuit is doubled, the power dissipated bs+an1sxv; r0-c0z egjh,ut +ky that circuit will

  If the voltage across a circuit of constant resistance ibcy (y)uo; 8r2)onqgrj;.gq x s doubled, the power dissipated by roy )(ngcu;2;qo)8jxrgby q. that circuit will

  If the resistance in a circuit with constant current flowing is doublr10k kfis5jdp1li z8/ d:n)h 7q(jzpe p.( bbved, the power dissipated b d qr1)5jbjip(8i.bzfpp/:nzevkh1 (s 0 7k dly that circuit will

  If the current flowing throu lz vpvszj/*-ece 2j5)gh a circuit of constant resistance is doubled, the power dissipated by that cic52z j-j lv)eszep*/vrcuit will

  During a power demand, the voltage output is reduced b tje:d,6qt) zay 5.0%. By what percentage is the power on a )6az,t j qedt:resistor affected?

  A current that is sinusoidal with respecthl s ep,ap13/(*ll vkg8qo )7wa9hv lzn3,tb b to time is referred to as

  Consider two copper wires each carrying a current ofve5;ucejd r+if ci0q2a8jz6 k7j 0tb: 3.0 A. One wire has twice the diameter of the other. The ratio of the drift velocity in the:qe27kce05 ajci if 6tj0;vj r z8bu+d smaller diameter wire to that in the larger diameter wire is

  Materials in which the resistivity becomes essentially zero at very low temperaxedx7c9d5 n w0lmoh k01+)azhxl h(:ytures are rx xzxahmyk0 0ole+d) 7 clw1:5(hdn9heferred to as

  What current is flowing if 0.67 C of charge pass a point in xk1*auvbzmfy/ eh+3 ;0.30 s?

  A charge of 12 C passes through an electroplating apparatus in 0nbzqju3ur8*x: *a gr2.0 min. What is the averaxj b8 3 **nr:qug0uzrage current?

  How much charge must pass by a point in 1k:a 9t8jcv1s p0 s for the current to be 0.50 A?

  A total of $2.0 \times 10^{13} \; protons$ pass a given point in 15 s. What is the current?

  What current is flowi .)pi84yp5mkajs dop9ng if $4.0 \times 10^{16} \; electrons$ pass a point in 0.50 s?

  If $3.0 \times 10^{15} \; electrons$ flow through a section of a wire of diameter 2.0 mm in 4.0 s, what is the current in the wire?

  A coffee maker, which draws 13.5 A o/ fxly -va3zv-f current, has been left on for 10 min. What is the net number of electrons that have pazfy --3x vlav/ssed through the coffee maker?

  In an electroplating process, it is desired to deposit 40 mgz-+p 2ns a:qfo of silver on a metal part by usf:a-p2zsq +on ing a current of 2.0 A. How long must the current be allowed to run to deposit this much silver? (The silver ions are singly charged, and the atomic weight of silver is 108.)

  What potential difference is required to cause 4.00 Ar5z(cdq s 1, ;dy7t.gtxpm t7e to flow through a resistan 7eydpc,t 1t;t(.z 7xdgr5smqce of 330 W?

  What is the voltage across a 5.wprc;1.b 0b lv0-W resistor if the current through it is 5.0 A?

  A 4000-W resistor is connected across 220 V. What current will w+ nszl0j/1kc flow?

  A light bulb operating at 110 V draws 1.40 A of current. W xjl;i i 9xw; wrl4ws5e4c..ah7 bixi.r.h h(xhat is its resistance? 4lb7 ;5irwx;hicawxis4i.h.x.( hlex jr w9.

  A 12-V battery is connected to a 100ci(p,z6xe y6a-W resistor. How many electrons flow through y (pzax,6e6c ithe wire in
1.0 min?

  What is the resistan8k v p4tlv-n7eq*p*n b4, iqgwaug6+u ce of 1.0 m copper wire of diameter 0.40 inch? (The resistivity of c -l,pt6p48 u iebkug4vw +*qna*g7qvnopper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  What is the resistance of a circular rod 1.0 cm in diameter ;iz4i5k * npqx1kvd;xand 45 m long, if the resistivity is;x5 ikk vznp1;di q4x* $1.4 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$?

  What length of copper (, 9j.uk:-ghvlmt h -+qxiqbqwire (resistivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) of diameter 0.15 mm is needed for a total resistance of $15 \; \Omega$?

  A 120-m long copper wirhiw7l,u/ 5 kzwe (resistivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) has resistance $6.0 \; \Omega$. What is the diameter of the wire?

  A 1.5-cm square rod, 4.0 m long, measures 0.040 ohms. What is its resistivityid l,81qst sw6/bt;cu?

  Calculate the current ;gx3o9nc t i0v. gx3xlthrough a 10.0-m long 22 gauge (the radius is 0.321 mm) nichrome wire if it is connected to a 12 o;3x9ci xtxg0lnvg .3.0-V battery. (The resistivity of nichrome is $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  A heavy bus bar is 20 cm long and of rectangular cross-sectiot9ast t.1bx rk( +li5x3;xdhk n, 1.0 cm x 2.0 cm. What is the voltage drop along its length when it carriesxbi9s (k rt;tkl+dhxa1tx35 . 4000 A? (The resistivity of copper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \cdot m$)

  A 1.0-m length of nichrome wire has a radius of 0.505 rmz6p wfo39y mm and a resistivity of $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$. If the wire carries a current of 0.50 A, what is the voltage across the wire?

  A 1.0-mm diameter copper wi a;an,f+oo sd +5+ kj/qtpn yfay45w/pre (resistivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) carries a current of 15 A. What is the potential difference between two points 100 m apart?

  A carbon resistor has a resm 1b unv 1ph(n2*9sxjyistance of $18 \Omega$ at a temperature of $20 ^{\circ}C$. What is its resistance at a temperature of $120 ^{\circ}C$? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for carbon is $-5.0 \times 10^{-4} /^{\circ}C$.)

  The temperature coefficient of resi)fwl5ml:o 0a65hf+ 7wroa zqh stivity of platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$. If a platinum wire has a resistance of R at room temperature ($23 ^{\circ}C$), to what temperature must it be heated in order to double its resistance to 2R?

  A platinum wire is used to determine the melting1yz0aag m6uh.mn tuf.yz; *a7 point of indium. The resistance of the a;.znh.u0z1fu y*6m aagt7y mplatinum wire is $2.000 \; \Omega$ at $20 ^{\circ}C$ and increases to $3.072 \; \Omega$ as indium starts to melt. What is the melting point of indium? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$.)

  5.00 A is flowing through anktf 5a c2p:i;xnl:c1y $10.0 \; \Omega$ resistor. How much power is being dissipated?

  A 110-V hair dryer is rated at 1200 W. What ;b r3/y6ztrab current will it draw?

  A 150-W light bulb running on 110 V draqim0rd.)/m4lz5.gd)ln ks cc .oltaak )e )j,ws how much current?

  What is the nominal resistmn* r7ilu -ana7/twcyr,;l*o ance of a 100-W light bulb designed to be used in a 120na icruo7 lnl* t7mw/ *,;-ray-V circuit?

  A toaster is rated 800 W atl.0yqof 2hv,6gjrr edb+aedi/ 7l9 n( tjs u-/ 120 V. What is the resistance of its heating elementj/rlhf+aei jte, no d2 (9d.b7s/l rqy-uv6g0?

  A 200-W resistor is rmn+vjvikbae3 24d s*, ated at $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum current it can draw?

  A 200-W resistor is rated a.w dc kz,,3no a:lt4dqt $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum voltage?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bulb. If it is used at 120 V5j xjmx. 9tiwr;1i(kt, what current does it draw?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bul-jcgc-4nniu x 7 37dfhb. If it is used at 120 V, what is its resistance?

  A 25-W soldering iron runs on 110 V.+ja 0nf dd-6jp What is its resistance?

  How much does it cost to operate a )m p7dr6rri1 bg ;7kpv25-W soldering iron for 8.0 hours, if energy co7im rb d)k;g17vr 6pprsts $0.08/kWh?

  How much energy does a 1zuwue rc5i3.vhhax evpg -x.m56 p15/00-W light bulb use in 8.0 hours?

  A 1500-W heater is connected to a 120-V line 3;l8-* rmfkcehww tu.for 2.0 hours. How much heat energy is producw.km- ute rh*l38cw;fed?

  A battery is rated at 12 V and 160 A-h. How much *n* mv;g7gd lcenergy does the battery store?nmg*;dc*vg7l

  How much energy does a 25-W soldering iron u0g2 ygry ,sja5r)gpo r**j o-hse in 8.0 hours?

  A 100-W driveway light bulb is on 10 hours per day. Assuming the power company cpu *x2qq/vo w-;0 wkdv6out,gharges 10 cents for each kilowatt-hour of electricity used, 02uwoou gxpk - w;v*dvqt ,6q/estimate the annual cost to operate the bulb.

  A 400-W computer (computer plus monito 11hgptc:xflxk7 ))ny r) is turned on 8.0 hours per day. If electricity c)xht l:1f k1)n7gx pcyosts 10 cents per kWh, how much does it cost to run the computer annually?

  The monthly (30 days) electric bil/)mz ev23vycf;0qk d ll included the cost of running a central air-conditioning unit for 2.0 hr/day at 5000 W, and a series connection of ten 60 W light bulbs for 5.0 hr/day. How much did m 3 ceyqfk2;)l/vvz 0dthese items contribute to the cost of the monthly electric bill if electricity costs 8.0 cents per kWh?

  The heating element in an electric drier operates on 240 V and gene-p cil5d;nk: urates heat at the rate of 2.1 kW. The heatin5i:l-pn cuk ;dg element shorts out and, in repairing it, the owner shortens the Nichrome wire by 10%. (Assume the temperature is unchanged. In reality, the resistivity of the wire will depend on its temperature.) What effect will the repair have on the power dissipated in the heating element?

  14 A of current flows t* oiv;6a ouj7*me0dmle va50phrough $8.0 \; \Omega$ resistor for 24 hours. How much does this cost if energy costs $0.09/kWh?

  A 9.0-V battery costs o8i+mj pys :8y$1.49, and will run a portable CD player for 6.0 hours. Suppose the battery supplies a current of 25 mA to the player. What is the cost of energy in dollars per kWh?

  A motor that can do work at the rate of 2.0 hp has 60tk rdx1(bn67ijx dol 216no ,f% efficiency. How much current does it draw fro (l n6tr17,2ixdfjo6 bnoxkd1m a 120-V line? ($1 \; hp = 746 \; W$)

  A 500-W device is connected to a 12065 frzs9hwqf*-V ac power source. What rms current flows through this de6h9 s*frz 5wqfvice?

  A 500-W device is connected tg. yqny1j7z wo m2ck44o a 120-V ac power source. What peak current flows through this 4ynog m27y .4cw1j zkqdevice?

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V6j t/)cem vg7y ac power source. What is the peak voltage across thjtym)67 gc/e vis device?

  The diameter of a coppea,deo i s20xg3r wire is 0.081 inch. The maximum safe current it can carry (in order to prevent fire danger in building construction) is 20 A. At this current, what is the drift velocity of the electrons? (The number of electron carriers in one cubic centimi ,20oa egxs3deter of copper is $8.5 \times 10^{22}$.)