The three common phases of matter arfog hlhu:a+o8i5s/p)gh:i (l ss ;si/ e

  Density is

  Substance A has a density ofp(3ju +uzrnmj8;36b 3uy w fkq $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following i5ijr 3zsm a2nae uwwnr )h))5*s not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three have txrdig ;hl2my(/ snuusd:*t1 8he same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with waterdrmg/1 i8nu*ls d x:uth;(2y s. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and o3q.wh zdlavd(n(o01 n utside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressure changes, what happens to the absolute x;z4dd,9 t m+kckz.wyq(py 6hpressure at the bott,+dq(yy.tk9;6 h4k zcdm wpzx om of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneanhud ; c.vbs5/ )x8uxmth the surface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surns /ux5;d)cuvbx 8.h mface, what happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's princhx5 jjjrmt;r:w,1j( tokp . 6diple.

State Archimedes' prin08bym)gvo7le4i)l hg w k1 8kvciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and den13r :uvnq )lueper into water of constant density, what happens to the buoyant forcen1 u:)3qlur nv on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boat floats-:cy 6dej 4wnq /bz0px in both fresh water and in salt water. Whbezwxj 6dc 0y:4pq n/-ere is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than f uane;p/sxj9tc+l 6v:resh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced in the salt watsl ;pc 9n+a/j6v:ut exer is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the bxi+ q3kn+gu n363uh-vkm (/ml. dymfbuoyant fo+mi/ ukkf+ v6mbq3 xmnu3hdn-gly3 (.rce on the ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the botto5;7ng nfna5h ew8w,e om of a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Whie; w5agfo785nhw, nne ch has the greater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a bathtub. If (6 h oo19 vht*lbpeqe4the ironqhoept *9o4l(6b 1 veh is removed from the wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A sc.a vs; glqyf9k51zxb+a7 g*e econd piece of wood sits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water levelq; gvfbxla.1 *5zcg9ky 7+aes in the tub?

  Water flows through a otbu7(/rdi4px gn5,v pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the speeibtuo(4vd5pg n7r, x /d of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the pipe widensucik2(vr0hfon * vuoj92u7h . to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the 79o fvu2r .u0k*huivnc2h j o(wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pv i.c2ht;oixl.2n.zu ipe. If the pipe narrows to half its .o.v x ihzclti2un. ;2original radius, what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principley4y)84v o(zwn lh mpu(.

  Which one of the following is associated with the law of con0.cnni 0 5m1utmjunlzhahe1i59. rb:servation of energy in fleniutj 0 .0n5i uh9lh1 :mnzmba .15rcuids?

  As the speed of a moving fluid p( l +t onti*q0+pri tw7ei18mh1z6mrincreases, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B ivv)6 n nqsl+h+s larger than at point A. Where is the water pressure great+ )hvsn6+nlvqest?

  When you blow some air above a paper strip, the paper rises. This is be *t6 i3y8aidpocause

  A sky diver falls thros35ez*6op v dd5sez(f ugh the air at terminal velocity. The force of air resistance on h zf3zo6d5*sve 5ps(edim is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are relzktr8 +s+pwk u3opx,j ben:1, eased simultaneously from a tall tower. Which wj ptks+ e,u3xro+wzp,kb18 :nill reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water8ctm5+m10mht9( lzzx (i lufg , it experiences a drag l9l8f(x0tmc g1 zmzth+5u( m iforce $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow .1vg oo,fme x7pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of th1fov xe,7. moge quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are w-je. ki8cb6x/il0oq- kbbtq8y;pd 6the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A. Watq0bxjo 6./86b bpt8d-klyk;i w-qceier undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes4yvck9 8 s *b 2w(xdj9zfnu-lc have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what isw99scb f unl(cxy zd -2vk8j4* the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes greasy. This "greaa pxtxht+ s *6vcps(4pd cx+7;sy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface d tvx(+xp*sp7 p cs6+x4cah;tof the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is.*kq3gll jmc5 placed in water, the water rises to a height h. If the diameter were half as great, how hicj.q*m53k lg lgh would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as tnl dombit73h2 y0 u +*.yfn,zthe water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as u7nyd yob+t*hz f2,3.tln mi0 big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight tha 1 cd)koe;a,/ vk*t0 zrza0nla3 tbz)ct they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as lonrz z)0,za/l0* tan a)dkotb;v13cckeg, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 c r4wx4(s lfwg,m x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is wrl4 (gf swx4,its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.3rhf0-* mm6+ah+igi rsa),lzf(uj5 dk57. What is its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 mt4t04d:a vm mi9pyb2cm. What is the maximum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surfa:2m9y44tbv0 ma mtidpce?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowsho(jkr(do; 9tfue has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) mrwt 5+ ub:vvtkvi:((eust a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the ocean evtu(r vwi (tk:+vb5:?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a su,xy3c)h 1ao pjbmarine can withstand a maximum forceh,3o jax)c1p y of $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the.dsti n-p:ds , absolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (Thei3o 2btrd m6z9 density of seawater is3r29iztb6 dmo $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute )5u8htl yoylt 4r nf.8pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density u8. l8f hrottn54 ly)yof seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. j/ug vcwc2m/, The small piston has aregc/,j 2/vcwu ma $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the pfzsvs1u: (y emd1 31flarge piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on sfe(1fd1 m usvp31zy:the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydraulmns7 w6h.w ;-sdhd :psic piston. What force needs to . m-h7wh;spd sw:d6sn be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a j)o pa+jothhf-pos0(7k8 ,zc hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a dia7-pj+8o ts,oop( hfc0z) khj ameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. Wha u uem-),0waubt is the buoyant force of tm)-b uuuawe0,he water?

  An object has a volum5mc sxic-vi:v6ytj ;6fpc7 2de of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a s uq q0ja(b09*b( +jewib;xohjtb 96h itring while submerged in water. What is the tensionj(;a0j 0 i9i h9t *huqbqe+b(bxwbo6 j in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold i+rdhzr 5+i r:as $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarine (d( lwvpz-0wl)gxgbz 9q-z*dp 2ensity = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is0gwq)+ qe(-gdbxo4d s in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What xs +)0(4- gw dbeoqdgqis the specific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placm.gt q() *tkaded on a scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity t.k gd(*m)aq t= 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum withyzd 9xf7s*5 ss a mass of 1.0 kg and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2 zm8(s migka93.0 cm will just barely float in wat8ma93mgkzis( er. What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measures 5z4 xbl6qai:o0i 1 fpc 40gdx*39ofbdl.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the fd36l4x0b4:i0c a9 zpoqlxibo gd1*f box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats withbm ikc924ays(olx: g8 half its volume beneath the surface of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weiim2a8 lgbsykxc9(o :4ght of the object?

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume bene0 9pn.xlq;vjpbb9jd: ath the surface. What is the objp b;lj9: v pq.nbdx09ject's density?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of9 n y)hck-sw.f the water. What is the buoyant force onkfc- hyws.) n9 the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is thfr:-f+s-h zcybj5ne f0f.8i d e minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gnr0jfb f - 5z ie:yffc+8-dsh.ravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 1t g4uczl k6:n 3ur g2irk:+.jls9 bpf2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipebgq7v/a ,l:v i at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm diameter restriction in the line. What is the ve,7bv/aglqvi: locity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a pressure ey 8in) 8efriw4r;9huof $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it (t;*puc:o 3 s0zj2nzf2m ozzltake for a pump to supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is p(nm : 0u;*cf olzj 3tzz2o2zs30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a zy050zq n0b23eeyvd,h j czy 7water storage tank that holds water at a depth of 15 m. A 3hc2 n70b ej0e5zyzdqzy0 ,yvt what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectional area q0 w.a1ewtr qjk +i;,,.syofo $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a ;ut 1*;f4n3vuvr/ rb-myw tup viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with atru f r;1 m;-y uvtv*pu3/4wbn neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissue on tb7sylr ,p +ad 41rut+zhe wall of an artery decreased the radius byls ub1+trz, pd7ayr +4 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. Tusw (7oqkekbtg,2s :std6 ;bk:be A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in tube A, how h,kg(sq:t6bwkt 2d 7o;ss k :ebigh will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high ,5za7t b1ugk0q jcxx;-+ feanwill water rise in a capillary t 0;tf 5 xjkaz-1a7+nb ,cqxgueube of diameter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degree Celsius rise in an-: 5pf is/q 6c/d yfrg(s)nhy glass capillary tube wi/i(gd:hf) s qf-6c5yn ynsrp/th a diameter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the water risr3mx;s e rs6x)es in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is rr mx;s)se63 xlowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.6008w/8u1fjw, sg jsu3qy t i:(jn m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force 8( tu/:j3 1qn y wfsu8wjsg,jidoes the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame8n;m +n67 +8fgl qy1kaoanth2fdf+e c has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be mon71ta8 ;fano+k8 f2m+gyf 6qcdneh l+ ved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?