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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on )a5+zf lhwmgw9+qd b5the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change invvxshz f *.6y9

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody-a 2 85mte3j hguweuj9 rl-tf), dn5dcnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its origi,4kfrhzargcj ) 72 /(x 2tromi3)rjtpnal volume with no change in its temperature. This proce3 ctmfkj/4th gr(7, 2rrz i2ajx))orpss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During thi j uq(rb:g7:1;hq jroms process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by tj: bhqrr71mqg;o(j: u he external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during an i c8 e9as -5c-qgzm5p hoz*m*jhsothermal process. The final pressur5hcg*zmq8 *a-j5hm-z9 co spee of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L l cb7df xx tczt-t4g79 e*1qy/y.-iav*8rbkn to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the a94c.lzyqtb teb- rc8ytx-f*d i/* 71kv 7gn xfollowing statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, they4so5lish3p9 z u ;rtdd.g-qn ky8z9, gas e9 h p4-y 5nd;sy,.g oqlk8zs3tuz rid9xchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamu zt./ sgc+u kc2zk6nxk0,gj4ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duri+u x1rh gbs4zb7edn; (ng an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gunds x(+ bgb7z; hr1e4as

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idenk i;f)uch8wu .tical in all respects except that one contains )ukhifc;u 8w. $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that on1 efd.(aog )z9e5zhe ue contains9eo5ze u ahz 1).egf(d $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrami8t2q7rl8 jc s.2vg)(puk urf is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no clb.ftwj9, o )ehange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thexha.zm 2p g7a: xs*3tfrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant qap-dnsn+) 2vpressure as heat is added to it. This pro2-v spa)d n+qncess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred t 9n razg0h8a7r/f69vcq/ dqx-8o fnhxo a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. Afqc9qa vonx0d868znr ra/ hxh7g-f /9s a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d kop7gzpx( *-qjw.9v biagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chang gwgyg7 98dt3ae in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodv4 3p eku,-hxpynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heac sv1dgy j1v28m8f*9cb ;mv lat energy is added to it. This process vjaf *;vb82msl1dc 8v91m gyc is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy ar.uc:5a6 uz0ku a- ohlk ha1o4te transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. Aa1cau65azu4h- o:hu.lotk k0 s a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamic alqwsuxn.s +a92t9t-0r zs n3s.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a gyj: j dbx2gxr4:53vl hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reserv9)5sa)wvif9a2nqm e2w uevi g -ik +j2oir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodqwgr194(i)mf; n 2,k oq emwlbynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustratel) gax*yhq,zuby *h4.d here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycle? y)b4 quz*al,*.h hygx


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a htcm 7hy(c ;w f zhasp4o.7(nan8t:s9whfh 8 ,neat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a C zbim9y82h 9v 2fie1,px)lww garnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must e gf mw9wpix928 1zy2lv)ib,hbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistmat6mg50q8j+ ,mezz ws of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamiw-bc b8+ur 7.(vhjxyocs.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the r9 a o-nlo)qsvnpv0d.n j;,d3batio of).qlbn; vsjand v-3o,9 n0 dop

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio .))r:e +pfenkt ypuy(of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the water7yi k3l),ob5jx;y0rlz6c90eo vfy cv

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any * rm4y -d+slbdprocess that may occur within anrdm s+- dyl4*b isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicsl ://-r3( vya 54 -uiwhrttuko: c qk;ehzqr.h.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us tk1e+n wjq3y8 7dxkm+xo conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal 9q39qn7+ z ri(ek yeu*w2:rkqzgxuq / process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change+9/k9w urn:q3r g z7zxiq uqy*e 2qk(e in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idealv xj ;:5q,qrvl gas. What is vq;: jxl,qv5r the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in nlvlkg*2 j o7+an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in inter n*2okj+gl vl7nal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatical i- cjg7 cu6w,onsno12pz,u,jv*s9ag ly. What is the change ingwo76js1cz2n,9 * ons- ,cuv pjuia,g internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work+9c m-hgh5pwk . What is the change in internal9g+cpk-h m wh5 energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrey i,*3o 6qyh7arz/ xfms -j/feases by 50 J. What is the work doj3 * ,reos/x6 z/-7fyya himqfne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jmlori/ h5cktk0 bukd.q 5+w2-. What is the heat exchange ur5/lhb c-2k 5mwqk i.d0tk+o?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained atcb )edw)/u 7y+2gdptu *u7psc constant volume as it is cooled))2ybc /puu7es+dgd*7upwt c by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled z1 ,to4g1 qpajby 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gaoj1,z4 aq 1pgts are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water 1oxlnp)st i9(at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loseu(osnfoe;uj*v i: e5 d);dh 1:kji 7fes 3000 J in each cycle. What is the ef1efioi(;; u7 jdo5efkn:)e*h dvjs u:ficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%0 ml-(,vkqp sb and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mqmb,v- (l 0spkuch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ancz. bgpz /sp**d receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in esp* b g.c*pz/zach cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaust s5he1q;yruwda)d-spdq 2;9 os 42 kcal. Calculate the efficie52 d ;1up9saqdr) w;sh-dqe yoncy of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 6iaqti6gc. 25 f4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done56ci atf g2iq. each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characterisq n-7i 1-gnbcitics: 1 ic7gbin -nq-combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bu2outoc g 8pu*,ilt so far has the following characteristics: combustiono2o,gpuut*8 c chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the a,)05 2ojllvb +umf psfollowing characteristics: combustion chambjpvlf,o0ma5 sb u+l)2er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec3f7l kd31g qietric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 4eswsg+a6lxup +q 9/ p600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW mioxjh;1m :3d7pu+aqof electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates between k(vbnq, l qrt/a ,4h1w$450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoreticy3ag :f:hkgn2a 80xg iw*icm(al efficiency possible for an engine operating between n(i8k3gcyaim*hg w2f:x0 g :a$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnqt9449i ra2 ecj+ac 5ckc*rfcot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the ho *rfj9c+ 4qac9 c52tc cr4aiekt reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operati3 swvu)rn 0*r,3jdr4qfnoxez 9 j2q 0fng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate d dje4, 8l:tge7sknrx6p.:qr of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into ::ntg46 de7 8exrjlrqd,spk .a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from tzl;x kb3pn .9vx9 ur1mhe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJkp9z m xn 1u9.3r;blxv into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from theo7/cc zabe5m0 freezer and expee o5c7/c0azmb ls 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when59-jno4f tv lc 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change inn5.y fd6yuj60wv-)aa+ h v aau entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal 9nnhd:az+ag() mv /is1htj)ndqva0m50ly -eexpansion and its entropy changes a( g 1ti:dnvanqm)l9amhhjd/v-n0 e)5 0y z+sby
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 1)cg:ukh qx*kj*is d ;$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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