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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-fm6( 8f1vd8dxlk.yf b V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thq6gpg 9 1)xt:z mg c(ce)rw.ylere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody8 x2faftma1; 5zzd zi-namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperai nm/yzq97cacc1xvg -y-) ny8em d4/mture. This procemgy ain)e/8z-v97y 1cmy q n-ccm4dx/ss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L gwwy9u2elh( ve2e6 n;. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external me2ww (;e e9g yvnulh26echanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to 0t yo(fe vaz.;one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure foyt(.;vz e0aof the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothel 0mkc.vh ,xx7y7 ifl,rmally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expac7, l,hl0k.yxm 7 ivxfnded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environm:w 9)botgc5(5 k8;y nvin ruvfent. During the event, the gas exchangnyt ;gufkn )i8 :(w9bocv5r5ved no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsy3 - zp:r 9f0zorj;kcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tor- 17ow*do l;/(e4taut zzjtu-1ugi p one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process1iu14zt wg*oul; aodep (/ --rz jt7ut. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one conta+ v8n9 g)h +poos)patyins onapgsph8 +)otv+y9) $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containso0aeif a:t,1fm1; pk p 1p:mf;fia t 10,peo ak$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thetwirqovt74r(9i(z 8 o PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chang ix::v f(x/zkfu mp./qe in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of v 601exf-lr) rek4xzye n38 g,lk6tguthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressu,6jg lu7 nog.jre as heat is added to it. This procg, jou7n6.jlg ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat en6/: k xdyln4jeergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As dx:6 e/jlnk 4ya result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pj:rqf xr s4 obc4;er7h5*bq 98ww8y oeV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no ch u9*cg )rsfi0vange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic5::tkg aji 0ifs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid contain-r - crz2jz ecl*ts8*ter that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This prz ce*r*-lj2 z s-tcr8tocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy a9ce+g)d 9arjfre transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume.9 )cfjgd+ear 9 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics9zua; eku:xn3sy4hj1 .
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from au vx*/d5 9yrin raa/p1 hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transferjmj:mgc 0/)ie heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiwzx9/jy7w/+q ul hin1us.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dg fl sod jnw97j,nf,+.uring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycle? +.df9 lj n,nojwfg7s,


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as tsyvr, fzwfj y 9t:7w*(j 8 6a 1fyotv,6rkhlj.he ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effich9/iz.s0r( mtuk.uzk8h(l sz iency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bsuk/ 0 r(hu(.mzi.l 8zk9shtze

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofc +fmodftmxf m q;1 4*2izg;x (ygfc91dtu,s 0

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secon*u;k;lmab pi,. j1 o vamat1k8d law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defin q)b3jb zrj )j3-b0jraed as the ratio oq)rjj3b 0b)b jr3-azjf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the rahysxh*. cscj3f,nd+ *y mt(f6 tio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entrcwz3qf+a x c )+ezh84lk,ka nk//c:tvopy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that1*g f bh0ad l+sxhj8y9 may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices applbj9 0h8ygs*adf l+x1hies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the s+za q m qb)ymks1(h+i me-*f1tecond law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads .k;x(7/tcnju.u rjgv us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. hx3h/cfron 19 What is the change in internalfo91n 3chhx/ r energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 Jlrmb +zb9 *rm, of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done+ *rbzm,lb r9m in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -)drbe 8 ncg0krb 7 4)n(-rpeay400 J. What igeke)bn0r7y4r) a-dcnpr(b 8 s the change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change)b fhye uw -7:an,w.ui in internal energy.ue7yawwnfb) u, ih-: of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes a. rqc 1zfzqa q9ozvz2)b+.+uwmxmj8;n adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal quq +.br+8).qxjzm zcf 1wma9z2;zov energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal epw4ww7)fz m;r nergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is them7w )zfr ;w4wp work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a a uxmk*5sq8i7 system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat excham8k * 5auqsix7nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintaogv6 7:ip m/lowevm 7/7.fskkined at constant volume as it is cooled by . //sk 7kei7vo7vp: mmg6 lofw50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by w:otl4 8-.9yxh* fxyk-tohn z50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of g.x:tof ytly*xz- 4h-o8nkw9 has are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 k:3ku+ o2y2 w-vm ugtytqy5r:,dwz1y ag of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7003l-(a:idw ,p wfz:jgx* mhy4a 0 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficxdgw(*,ah lazpwf i3:m: -4jyiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency oynz0utw7 ih)(;dqy0 r f 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it per(r7nyt0 0 ;izy uh)qdwform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% a 8w)bdxi r*dw:f6x+ crnd receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mw:6xbxi8c d)df+w rr* uch heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts j*z baqle /;4b42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each ;4jab bq*ez/ lcycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal i.z0 psf/t69o/ thfpaof heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyc./f0/ zotf 9p s6pthaile.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has t3 n jd4 :r(7l*/ sflzlpr(obgehe following characteristics: combustion cha o(37jzrr(flsld lnb/p*e4: gmber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines builzqkay wv *dr9 63*kae3t so far has the following characteristics: comkyav k* qdw ea933rz*6bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines9(k ens+.)v cn7 ldye sxe1a7y built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambed77vy.ys en9(a lnkc) eex+1sr temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6lc2.h 5 -v1/bryse/e xdzjk1k 00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates rzjmbo9 r(+3h600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generat hs.*ol6kqh wl.a)itza p( 4w/es 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effici2p;4rse -.m5tbpk*rmg/4a 7 c xtah poency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical euce htcq8402mtb7o + zfficiency possible for an engine operating betwee0bt7zmuo cq4 +ce8t 2hn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnott ,y qrsf6/.jkpd 0/zy engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoy/.6dqjzrk, pts0 /fyir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating byz1 lu 7ql3f3fv-thv1 8+usxq.m mne(etween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing c5j83sz sk l5hgxjr1 1dompartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle5 1klz351xss8dghrjj . How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the r (,edb-0jmpv freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room (d0e-p b rjmv,per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a rlbzphx2 dhp 6,-m4 tq-efrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 3-p ,xlqhzt26 4- hmbpd56 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice meltmuhhgkb(,hkm7 .vljr5 2nzw(8 a5x (e at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freez1vniaf5.n bpp/u;1j mx;v -ez, 6ppvt es, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STj8*nl l:cd9 psh6vd o5 cy2y)pP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy lld6v2c:jd) c8yn* hop95ypschanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 3rjpd) +y-5 /thrdccldz .2ob$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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