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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown ontfq :un:e9l/g the T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change p*phw (cco2k6 in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o+4:gjd(z; 2,hpnff 2 cm4etye9ofzgj f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original vlp)kx 3uko3)h p*h8v71k ajpeolume with no change in its temperature. Thisu3 7ekp )*8a1)3kjl vokpphxh process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermal n iq8yt*lfz+yhy6+r1 ly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is y t nlr*y+f16iyz+q 8hthe change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half *wvua)s2zq . hfbnz/nm2kf4/a aw ;v4its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of buzahm f w2vfz.//vn* a4;as )nk2q 4wthe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L oczs ,6x4 1umhto 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mz1s6o mhu4c ,xechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmenyozs r)3u7)oqis55 :zscbn,w e 4ts- grxj)4yt. During the event, the gas exchanges))ywjtzy-c4bro)zrog x 55:s3s q,7sni 4 ued no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamdkx tafe(4c/gd -u5c- ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tov3mdhzpn 54* -vjtz 54)ot iy w;aa+e p:zjts9 one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pres4ea+htwn;zsy z 5z4*:a-5p djvpm t3)9ovijtsure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one bv6 aa3ra,nf;(r m6y hcl 2jp6contains bm(a 2vcrl ;fprh6,6 a63jany $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ifzp .f nx 8,d9-y2uhxzdentical in all respects except that one contains f9z,dx2xuny8-h zp.f$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dt;fyzqwzahe ,9t+:: f iagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change os6 ltaimdndd06* a)6in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therqrt 4ep*p*rq2bdi 5 t*modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand o;7j z* )wi7z udb5szsat constant pressure as heat is added to it. This procz o5 s7*juzd z7iwb);sess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at con/i ,3g: ,f0trioye jtostant pressure. As a resufo :ti,jt eoyi0g/, 3rlt, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ia/ei7)jr5j. kbn ozr0a7.rx vs


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, ther ,ua5h(/ ;v,v a 7yn71ekmmlsuvd +zfke is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of tks jbg,pp;ly9g + 4:ethermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid contao- s a813pa5 m ee3astuz1fp,biner that cannot expand as heat energy is addeda- ,mspz8a1puo 5 bt 1esfa3e3 to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at . -uop t:bbp3fconstant volume. As a:p b3.b-tfpou result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynm 4c4u+hy k(ojdge:- pi-2w azamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot renv0khprd/xtk4qi5-j67o4b d servoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transf13mmf(k h 7ruper heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to C fe:z t16jpt do-/nhb3lausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle,s2 )p7f vrz4 4lk,lzew ky2gjqg:i/7p how much work is done bzp4y pef7jvz k/w4g2sg :72 lrq k),ily an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rat /k8ef un+fi-pio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine issjovp:, * ynk)rsla.4 to be 100%, the heat sink must beypjo4 :s*)r,sk na.vl

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists7t, hy5l2.ois m+2 kfq5c aqox of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement 8r xsv oa48x0rof the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is de(al7h g/t)dlo( 6hmsyfined as the ratio ooh)6glysl 7m((th d/af

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratik a76e8k o7sv m+luctaj92 es)o of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy o1 n.n s6q1cddj 8.xzlof the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that i-ijfir(wqx; o2+f7(tm(edr wvw2wt7 gg( n1 may occur within an isolated system, w2 g+ffg1 i(j-(mqw2ww;x vnr( tdi7w(e t7oirhich one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thetwd8g, n9c/a frmodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude :r f 87-6mkp qwe(emjlthat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proce c(i63n5q vemojs 53pqss, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal 3n 3 5pvi q(ejcsq6mo5energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removi 0wyk68t n5mmed from an ideal gas. What is the w506imy tkn8 wmork done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gmy5khj7(f 5ww b5t8 10yazsp has system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal ens7w twma y51 h55fj8(zk0hpybergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gi )ic q)8*4p/gwmt tx1itpwk lb7*a+das adiabatically. What is the change in 4l xti*g87pq md) )akp+1wt wt*ibc/iinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wor 368qwofrn0dy k. What is the change in inr6 fwo yn8qd03ternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energfhk),tch*dcfhju.5h te: u9 j5guv4 4y of a system decreases by 50 J. What is tht. ceh)5 u 4h*9:,jkhujffu4 hgcdtv5e work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, t :fp *0zxmvuvx narqcf.r 8007he internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thv70 mx nrzrc0a0fp uq.v:*x8 fe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constan*lh,qia o8n :)-lyq;k3g rx0blfd-dct volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feak-)*;,h0axrbco3 8yd n-l lldgf qq:i t is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J ofia bklw2/4qm 4bc2i+7uu +nwx energy is removed fwuax/+iw24bq7 n4l2+c miukb rom it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of (cb) k)9f;bb yuy/tma3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 300mev* kl-4e28s e; soxz0 J in each cycle. What is the efficienez2x*l-4 ss; oekmve8cy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of*6ng /sfqwzm 2 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does itsgw/f6zqm* 2n perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycl ur 20q6c+/necbc)iove. Hovcncu 6i20e+oqb cr)/w much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of gf;e1ha6 g5c jheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycle.ahcge;5g16 jf

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhauststodd2cup 6 v :ts:.9l )jr/p3pnq:m zq 42 kcal. Calculate the work don .v2:6tr s)dn/3 pqo mlp9p zuc:qjtd:e each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so f)wwfxxm +l/9)0t ayq ear has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturw)q+9)e0xlft/m a ywxe = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristics bj1wu0nod82q : combustion chamber temperatq102w ndjb u8oure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thez+ zrhldo (kwzq)o 151 following characteristics: combustion chamz1oh)1orz d 5q( lzk+wber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Tu1ud /phk5t4p he plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gea-uk je c+gd(0nerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generat; 8n znjl9njp,es 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engak8ksvg)ric2e2p8/a m n4q+ -lo(intine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency p8a)szv/c:i r yjxo;*u ossible for an engine operating between ;yrsa j*:iu/8xz co)v $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of thesbi-m)ypa9rr 62 t +os cold reservoir if the tempept6ya9rsr )o2-bsi+ mrature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betw7sle(5yaht t 8een $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin8-lio9o n op*jgd 9t4tg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?oti*ln8 o 4o9d g-ptj9

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJv gvp.3brd h,q6v m*8x 2w1uew and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performan xqbp28,.6hervuwvwg13* m v dce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 2nc hi(9pt1 7id30 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycled(ii n7hpt c91?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in ent3j(v0ye v 9omyxjzv 35ropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freez4r-c:v+dgtec9x;4 wjc b)pbp es, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergokz 0;z:v snj ,4mq- kz ys0xa2so+ess3es an isothermal expansion and its entropy nsz 3s0jz s04a ox+sk2k sq -:ezmy;,vchanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at r r/w qs 8x3y(dgpk jbbapun8j4/s.:-$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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