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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on t7+ w-ja(scsobnww;n 9f7a8 x whe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no ch9.j,*mndiifr /c r ph+ange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t;xdmhb7m00 wp 9sol6l hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume wit:04yet z:p 0x/oyg3f,* tghbsheqou 3rcd( 5 ah no change in its temperature. This procb 0 4 ( t,30efe o:squaphtdcryg/ hxo3yz:g*5ess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 Lrl/w-gt,mk khb.2 ry4. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal e 4h-y lk2r.,/kwtrmbgnergy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to6/dl9ey s no+e one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure oflo s+dn/9y 6ee the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L il7k7v m/cp xp60 4kdzbhx8+;y;wyrtto 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is exr7blxpmk;74hy kic8 t +/0dwvpxyz 6 ;pended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compresg u ) c-1.qkghwahwu2i4x1d;nsed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged nouaudk hx -qggi;w)nwc11h.24 heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, (zngi). d8lgz$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its6g :k7tp5gm itrzu- -u original volume during an adiabatic process5-z6u7- tkitm:r pggu . The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that onds6lb 7p fv:q4cb:fgb)2eu5if kx *a /e contains csbk4buq g25da l/fv *x:f6efpi:7b)$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical i+vk;y y w wcd8w;i:v 0+c*zgprvf3h9 s0sw)sgn all respects except that one containsc s; yvfywzp9s;vs*0:i v g+ wrc wd8gh+k0w)3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV v3ie0yc6gusj/w 7j, ydiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no cha /ix h2bkob7u,nge in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th dpsnz*j0 qs. -)3 hgzsv1g0ebtz2h ). nsnjp;ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressuromib2ko2q8* hokq mdl. . y39fe as heat is added to it. This prk olqfd2 mh2ob3qyi.k. o9 m8*ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred6 -kgr p 8zojb/,1filgj-c5mz to a sample of ideal gas at constant press8/j-li6ggp,zozr - b1kj5fmcure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tku5yu sjilvh.qj) e2 (+l7. bshe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process8qdsu( /0ik vkdkvz;3i5a; eh, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,v mb d7o+a/ndsdq(k9 we6j0/t $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannoti t5k goe8ekkj 7qhbkjql8m(q,l077) expand as heat energy is added to it. Thqljt b,go7 8k57klhe70)mieq( qj 8kk is process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of x. nmep w4:hsq- c;7psso3g. iideal gas at constant volume. np4 .o 3ceix -hs sgpswq7:m.;As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermo7( a7aqzuuu2 ) 5: r;qjd2 imhag2 dnl)w1mlkwdynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a he*m;x;z y l(gl +gct3got reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer hecm fkt(w*k iww 334xv6at from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynami*hu cxjff+3wvu f,*/pcs according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, hov.u0gqsruv, doj s7ka7xy l5zjzzz9 6-5j f1,w much work is done by an engine opej5,uy.ujvsx0fz6jk17 ls5-ozvqz 7dg za ,9rrating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is;ezk,u0z sn 9 gj;7l9g m2hzvf defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine- s/0wzds )zvs is to be 100%, the heat sink must s0/wd z)vs s-zbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis5cp)hux:6 8 l-n wevgcts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second t2n-,m+,jnwurzg 9 ad law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is denf9 e2*c kqmf8/pkq 8o2rz)plfined as the ratio of2kok*q z/e8 )rflp 9cp8nqm2 f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is dea qs( km1:-d1lx6mfnufined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the watlzz0h54hapl + er

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proces4( ymg0 h+rf x,/vs)qhaw v 2vjv/vy:ss that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choicv)hjvg:s( v0mf2/w vy,4 hyaqr+/sxves applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statemen8.ps sx) rdqnd .la5tng wf937t of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conebgx m-b:9m )rj;,oy rclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from antf7 l+ 8*h7,qcbac-okpaz r2d ideal gas. What is the change in internal enerk ac- qal+ p*h7zfctb,dr728o gy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from i.2(t2w0tcla7j5 ux5xmjuo t an ideal gas. What is the work dontj0(t axjcw52 l tu o2xu.m7i5e in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ide;mja.0 iqhddc2ecn24kvd.y vz- 5x, aal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change v dx ivq5yhn dc;.kz2 4m ,cdj0ea.a2-in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiac:z qov,d0r4 lbatically. What is the change in internal energy of to:r04q z lvdc,he gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic pqhia5 -:myi4 -premz1rocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change inq- pmh15m: ia4y-ierz internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreasesf jke4a.44epot 0kl q) by 50 J. What is the work def 44.tqok0eaj4 ) pklone?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, ts1 d+0wwe1k nshe internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wha1w dsw+ s1en0kt is the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of n 73,sl1shm wfuy 2az8a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by thl 3 us7f8a 1h2mn,wzyse gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is(j;ldss v:3 jtl98lo t removed from it. How many moles of gass8o9t(s jl3:; vjldlt are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 ror7rl 6t2yj :ls2gzk*y( wh e)wa 64okg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receivemnb ohvr+2.2hs 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficiency?r2 +hvbn2hm. o

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 38zaz s pn 48s q8m,1j2yq5sdyv;z;nl c5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cyj;s l28c saz4m1 psdq5 v 8yny8,qzzn;cle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat pes pbamcv::t7 4r cycle. How much heatbtav:m 4sp 7:c does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat u ;a r+hb7xnj)bsa54feach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficha4b s7fn+b5ur ;ax)j iency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat u- 54s+ p nsxcv2h d;drl fob-9aa;ue:each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eabrae-d;-a:nssu;xc9o4 v 2pud+ lh5fch cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built sxu5uwp2t1) vex p5rm s/m) q.po far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempevxmr1tsuu2 mp exqp p. 5w)/5)rature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far haqcby4znb:98/9t xo 5 tius 0jks the following characteristics: combustion cb85un4sqzy0oj 9c txb9:t / kihamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tf/8ngn 2+qt wyn9)gc,g ,noq bhe following characteristics: combu yn, g2n8g,+)oqt9wf/nqc ngb stion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant 4tj/-g r5j avljxuh. gwr*88guses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant++myhqb kzn9 ; uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW o0on lw;6/i wcmf electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of gevfu zg m d97t4v- :: 4flwkm1ugru0,an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operating b otm .,li))rjletweenri t,j )ml.)lo $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. jf3 z0f1b h+smla*co9t60wd b What is the temperature of the cold resecb0l1sb9 +j 30fmah*wfz6 to drvoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat*,qddgyqc u 15d:cf de/a *j3ming between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin/8xtz2,0q qknh l0dsr g compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a roomhq d/ nqrl8s2zx,tk00 per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat f/6;ur2r jjt i9q udt-1nz6wmqrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?jzr; u r26uittmd69njqw/q-1

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refriger n-v-4n ob) ym3nefxo8ator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to theb-onn8exmfn-4o)3 yv room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change inuob.9 l+tp+ fzv9xl3b entropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change b*:fmo+3c ;oc f r/n us/.;oxtsy2sow in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at ST: ond*yo4* h wer4.xgsP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy g .* dwnryoxs4o* eh4:changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at mix* 6omhif +,$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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