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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，是在线习题练习的打印版，您也可以访问本平台网站(https://51fly.win/)直接在线完成(注册并登录账号后在首页左侧输入试卷号 73 即可在线作答)，，作答电子化后可随时回放，查看每题答案与详细解析，搜藏保存任意题目；教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。本试卷的直接作答链接 https://51fly.win/test73.html
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 匿名未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V5v )fanh 72fkh graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process,nr3(qnwn )hj0,v8.bfr)azya there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsk7qss(si97 b8 t)k,xgmdol;j yv+wk /, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its (6 xrs.kghc8 coriginal volume with no change in its temperature. This process xcr68.hscg k( is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compret +si+polksp1 zz*1;tssed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change+tss*kt+ pz1zl oi1p; of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to onisn+f9lw6tuak0h1w1i b )td/e-half its original volume during an isothermal process. Ti10 h +ti tw9ls16nb)dkw/ufa he final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During 1uv1;h+ ,kamhok ds2g this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which o2m;u ,og sk1khda+hv1f the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event,bo-kokn5m./x 8y lcs7 the gas exchanged no heat 7sxykcbmo/k . 58nl- owith its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami5 ;txy 0cb6pqo 4(spkdcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to oney i+ 56g .3y t+txhyafyc.rel:-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of th+ +lyt3.x6y re.5: ytia hcyfge gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai3yweu 2 z -78uihr ;bes2wvb:lhu;pe9ns3u2;uhb9; hvb7iez8 rwey:2 pws e-ul $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in j nhzgn/a(pm..48j roall respects except that one contains n8jhrg(nm p o.4a/.jz $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d*):uk+ q4 jymv7 v4fny tbemm,iagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is dcl :eq4v11le.f.smwek -j d.f45tjb no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therco ) jn7x8oh-yc.h+gftx j)m/zh)-t emodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at cons yya 8f,7gvq.d)ppl ;dtant pressure as heat is added to it. This process f;yq8 pyd),gdval 7p.is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gaz0b-, ztdr+ yn;wa7bms at constant pressure. As a result, the internaa 7bydmr n-z,t;0+w zbl energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thejm/wb5y9rlu 3fa 9 q:4jcubg ; PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no changeyswrh qa,xa750ca1y1 in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o7dzp3 n+(2ghs5 x51d jo.xgq+qj k wdmf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat e uldy*k1u k.w0nergy is added to it.lku w*1dk.y0u This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfe)-5ajz4gk an q /en usge/su,n*u(*fqrred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a g-u)nq,az4nenu a/j(ge/*u * qkssf 5 result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynami9yy*c07tt c dmcs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to mi j*8wdqo/njdo j52o33pw)1mvfu-h a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoirgc *a ,5 nl+g:nn3g)mi0cubl p to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Cq 1 )s edzwx8*j8.buf8 wgwq5hnw6c)olausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dur:h(2sl yxr*iring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this c:*ry (rhx 2lisycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ey(r 5y)- )9eu6qf o tiqzu5diratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency off l2yq7m;1wx mjc9( mm a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musy1(m;2 f9xl qwmcm7 mjt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists 1 b4 pv,- thvi bd49bk5m c2qtk0s;ydgof

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thy :40oamjy guq8g5(a kermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a r 1lwqzf ,7m, p0g/,t fpd-ukyoefrigerator is defined as the ratio of,ft,1og,wmp0 7pl zf-dk/ uq y

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance izepc; cs* h9l0dqh7. (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy81 d wesdtm5wopq m546x7j/+ wk ta;pp of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the seconvy6qjg lwqq y 82q zg/ mp1n-k*jd03wbfn25g 0d law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one o qgp3lw6nq-vqb0n2z85w*yy1 jgqdj/g mk2f 0 f the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamicgd ;oex/9t(j is.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thec k*zgzj+8 o-rs0* uegrmodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal pr)yk; jg np7g 0iscu:3;d0vbyoocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the chang3:uvn 7ocbdi 0);gpk;gy j0 sye in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an id x 0)zxjv.f0 6niek+zzeal gas. What is the work dov0k6 +z fxejz0) xiz.nne in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas systlc 9gdo;+noa )em in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in inteoc9 );dgan lo+rnal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What 4zkg zcd1pz9f 92g p(n*yfw .ois the change in internaly d1 (og9 fg9c4kz.fpnwz *zp2 energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whilap-k9d+z ggj )e doing 25 J of work. What is the change in int +-)9zjdp gkagernal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal eneh tb pjrsv9.b(8s/;05 vspvy zrgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the ws8s9 s/.(;pyvjp05 brbv vhtzork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decr0dnn8xb9 d48lo lm6sq eases by 50 J. What is the heat en80d xs mq8nb6llo9d4xchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at 7ctfmn kxw+:zi3p2 zk,5xwnth 4k j*1constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy k+t jwz1xnz 3mc7f5:h 4,x kitnw2k*pfrom the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when oziu;qdg26w;a.yq; d dvg :c7831 J of energy is removed from it. How many molez7 da;6dgi v2o. wcq :;uqg;yds of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3zjfyn9n2ac :hc d(,w*.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 3ca9l2kpf494fsv zex 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficielp4 zfk94c32a sef 9xvncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has anc9- av-b5vrgf efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work 9g5rf vv-ca-b does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie x1bxe h28-2n hy v0s;jrnhm*fncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?he*nn2fmh xr8yj 2 1s; -hx0bv

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42yn, nee6 rj(2 8p(ycmx kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclec ejn(2myn,e(86 prxy.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an6f:z wig8lz ; qjt9e g74ye/rcd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work donc:yqfwelz97i6rtj g /48;geze each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enginevt.s7xkk2p l; s built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamblspx;tv2k7. ker temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characte6rw16j80q l 2 jwnsrihristics: combustion cham 6w0irrjhjws n16l2q 8ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient f ajdnbgsm:f77 ;6ve/engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chambesf7nm/bagdjf 7:ve ; 6r temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electricntae 49akd z2* power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us/c ax im ,h9-4;h1kt uwejcgj1es $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 v1qq3b7 w6o6gv es+qvMW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effipn(bcsr .7kz3 ct7vftj3s z0 1.xp( bkciency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine opera tkzbt*x8) k;mting between m kt8;xtb)*zk $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Wt-/rc b4j/ iviah 7-gshat is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature 4-s/ vit/ 7hrgiajc- bof the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bb7s) r)fgz 5b ot fiu/8mlv3zut:5is8etween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing)uou:93tes4wsy eg6i compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ intty3 ws 9ugo)is6 4e:ueo a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compo6vdd :)yav 5h8f-j riartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perfo)5-j86h:vd vf i ayrdormance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of hp.e(xkd.e v3o 18sm h ay(a0hieat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requivp( kh.3e i(1sey.a oh8 dax0mred in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of iqal:7o:8 d a 3u,asm*ykhojw5 ce melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the ch7 (pbi wns8d3aq 8tva+ange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entbab.a1r3d lpg gx, ;:lropylg,; .dla1:ab x3pb rg changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at )sqzd-z b xo3 mh--8gt$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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