A device that produces electricity by transforming f2:t-m/u4q qfa av*tl chemical energy into electrical energy is calle:fqv2*-t qafalmu4 /td a

  A car battery

  The total amount of charge p ax 6*t.rz0)t6zqivithat passes through a wire's full cross section at any point per unit of time is 6x .* iavzptzit06rq)referred to as

  The direction of convention current is taken to be the directio:5 4zmae thls a-s+(gqn that

  A coulomb per second is thsdp 34nq g*m;pd*k iu9e same as

  Car batteries are rated in "amp-hours." This is de -q8rs:l3tl a measure of their

  The resistance of a p.v0xi4qvo k r4nc--sih6) ywwire is defined as

  What is $1 \; \Omega$ equivalent to?

  The resistance of a wirdh ((igv u jc+d4ru93 5kkzea7e is

  The resistivity of a wire depx2 c0dboqs+z0uzl-f: 1nmnhxe /.o 0 aends on

  Which conducting material has the lowest resistivity v7y)bsw yo(wr-alue?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice t mk(37g ddy+hewja,ox y8 2(cfhe length of the other. How do the reskhe8yoj ,7x cd +f 3m2wd(ag(yistivities of these two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the length of the other. 6 v((zpvgp,: ozfy*le How do the resistances of thes6vzpoly( vpfge:(, *z e two wires compare?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the cross-sectional a*cwpkro:0c )my m547e cjzo-xrea of the other. How do the resistances of these two wires compa5or -ojm7w4xc0):ck pmeycz*re?

  Consider two copper wires. One has twice the length and twice the crosz x:r.f z.9jcms-sectional area of the other. How do the resistances of these two cz9rx:m zfj..wires compare?

  The length of a wire is doubled and thesghmna,fv ) .e/qk8 r* radius is doubled. By what factor does the renfeq ,)vh 8ms k/r*.gasistance change?

  How much more resistance does a 1.0 cm dizf;xmbf-mt(- l 1 7ynoameter rod have compared to a 2.0 cm diameter rod of the same length and made of t 7b 1mln;o ym-(zxfft-he same material?

  The resistivity of moshbp)vsbl djc/ d;) he3k1 .)/dh y)wnzt common metals

  Negative temperature coefficients of resistivitc(vnrz 90yx+)lc szg se3,d x7y

  What is 1 W equivalent t2r:pnx.7 wtu+rz0sg3mmp1 z u o?

  A kilowatt-hour is equivalen; on*r;ccc i1u5 vnuz3t to

  If the resistance in a co 2k1g ji+u9yrvnstant voltage circuit is doubled, the power dissipated by that2 v 1jryg9iuk+ circuit will

  If the voltage across a circuit of constant resistance is dov1 )w1 d.3incc5 d;as7oz yqovubled, the power dissipated by that circuit wil5i1 1;o qyd vac3)dcvos.wzn7 l

  If the resistance in a r* g(r8) a 6g3;xhxrszuk y2kqcircuit with constant current flowing is doubled, the power s3)zkh *xkxug r86yar;r2gq( dissipated by that circuit will

  If the current flowing through a circuit of constant rs2. 3mur fz:0/fown suesistance is doubled, the power dissipfsu:3r20uo./ wznm f sated by that circuit will

  During a power demand, the voltage output is reduced by 5.0%. By what percentlxn+jwff52yt j -v-enqx60fqi-0fo 7age ntlxf0ofe-vx + 2fj0 j n-iqw-765 fqyis the power on a resistor affected?

  A current that is sinusoidal with respect to time is referred to ayda;.d ncyapia yr6b3 ki.6)5ss n 1o+s

  Consider two copper wires each carrying a current of 3.0 A. One wire has wmpz7b j(j;*gl-:a.e0 kluv5du/kspppe6 o 6twice the diameter of the other. The ratio of the drift velocity in the smaller diameterm*j;akvu ppe-p7.de:6 s6k 0w lg/zbpl5u oj( wire to that in the larger diameter wire is

  Materials in which the :+7m m-qp v fozf1 ovbwmdk84-resistivity becomes essentially zero at very low temperatures are referred tzo-bk41wq7vmfp om:m -+vf8do as

  What current is flowing if 0.67 C of charge pass a point in,s6;q;erm1ucpu6/1bw4rs 2 uh5hu/ ivlx u kk 0.30 s?

  A charge of 12 C passes through an electropl,v7 gxl .ohzx d1cf:x+ating apparatus in 2.0 min. What is t.lx f ox+7:vcxhgz,1 dhe average current?

  How much charge must pass by a point in 10 s for the current t7a jwh6onwf8j8.- yrdo be 0.50 A?

  A total of $2.0 \times 10^{13} \; protons$ pass a given point in 15 s. What is the current?

  What current is flowe)g p+e.b o *xhlfg4)hup c4z3x1v;yiing if $4.0 \times 10^{16} \; electrons$ pass a point in 0.50 s?

  If $3.0 \times 10^{15} \; electrons$ flow through a section of a wire of diameter 2.0 mm in 4.0 s, what is the current in the wire?

  A coffee maker, which draws 13.5 A of current, has been left on for 10 min. Whadlmcyd0tz00edarte8 8 rs9h) o (2 x.et is the net number of electrons that have passed through the coffee m d hda0.)2t eyled0(o8ez0 xrs 9rtc8maker?

  In an electroplating process, it is desired to deposiei5 f. db00e)ga zx.gtt 40 mg of silver on a metal part by using a curg.a g0det 0 bif5.zex)rent of 2.0 A. How long must the current be allowed to run to deposit this much silver? (The silver ions are singly charged, and the atomic weight of silver is 108.)

  What potential difference is required to cause 4.00 A to f t5npqw8(n/9pf yxjf ,low through a resistance of 330p n(9p, twy/5xqnfj f8 W?

  What is the voltage acrowmz)5w 6)cf knss a 5.0-W resistor if the current through it is 5.0 A?

  A 4000-W resistor is connected across 220 V. What current will flow?. z2r,*d vvht*r q9mke

  A light bulb operating at 110 V draws 1.40 A of current. oj81s3cx6bj+q y8uqq/6 yrzb What is its resistance?sj6/ 1 cy+jybor8xb6q qu z83q

  A 12-V battery is connected to a 100-W re.:xjk.ye-bs/1mxz z fsistor. How many electrons flow through the wirezj:xfb1-mze/ k. yxs. in
1.0 min?

  What is the resistance ufvrm qumf x/: *b eq8xs4xcr9d; :t 5*f/di3jof 1.0 m copper wire of diameter 0.40 inch? (The resistivity of 9 5 :iq/ u xdus;m8qe/*x* 3cr bf4t:mxrjfvfdcopper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  What is the resistance of a circular rod 1.0 cm in diameter and 45 s -e9rh6lnc-vwnur)p u4t0n3 m long, if the resist- cn03-en4u r6tprw hn vs9u)livity is $1.4 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$?

  What length of copper wire (resist5 zhqqdjxhwz;*11mt cz0 ;9otb, a:riivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) of diameter 0.15 mm is needed for a total resistance of $15 \; \Omega$?

  A 120-m long copper wire (resi y1,ab2ljio*z zmn.l+ j+tw e8cd4w atea )7d/stivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) has resistance $6.0 \; \Omega$. What is the diameter of the wire?

  A 1.5-cm square rod, 4.0 m long, measures 0.040 ohms. Wl/uoh1k*ip6r l .b- xkhat is its resistivity?

  Calculate the current through a 1 g ru jm)y21b(ru4vzy:0.0-m long 22 gauge (the radius is 0.321 mm) nichgmzr)12: (byr4yj uvurome wire if it is connected to a 12.0-V battery. (The resistivity of nichrome is $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$.)

  A heavy bus bar is 20 cm lon l3**93antovpay. j x4vrgj x1g and of rectangular cross-section, 1.0 cm x 2.0 cm. What is the voltage drop along its length when it carries 4000 A? (The r1 na9tv .aj*p3xy xov3gj*4 lresistivity of copper is $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \cdot m$)

  A 1.0-m length of nichrome wire has a radius of 0.50 mm and a resit pom jqx -(3ixz+ 7a*i1tpyz:stivity of $100 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$. If the wire carries a current of 0.50 A, what is the voltage across the wire?

  A 1.0-mm diameter copper wire (resistn *mdjxab t4/z tkq7;-k ,aqa8ivity $1.68 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega \cdot m$) carries a current of 15 A. What is the potential difference between two points 100 m apart?

  A carbon resistor has a resis)tl ohjg 7 /q sb:a4kq4bn-lgm2-bsh-bn4 1hetance of $18 \Omega$ at a temperature of $20 ^{\circ}C$. What is its resistance at a temperature of $120 ^{\circ}C$? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for carbon is $-5.0 \times 10^{-4} /^{\circ}C$.)

  The temperature coefficient of rzb ugie8d;wonxmfd ,,c0m.,e,6- kh iesistivity of platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$. If a platinum wire has a resistance of R at room temperature ($23 ^{\circ}C$), to what temperature must it be heated in order to double its resistance to 2R?

  A platinum wire is used to determine the melting point of indium. The resistj w;o7h oeuo2.ance of the platinum wiroo7 e uwh2.j;oe is $2.000 \; \Omega$ at $20 ^{\circ}C$ and increases to $3.072 \; \Omega$ as indium starts to melt. What is the melting point of indium? (The temperature coefficient of resistivity for platinum is $3.9 \times 10^{-3} /^{\circ}C$.)

  5.00 A is flowing th)ag*lva5nru 5 rough an $10.0 \; \Omega$ resistor. How much power is being dissipated?

  A 110-V hair dryer is ob fw23nkm+5brated at 1200 W. What current will it draw?

  A 150-W light bulb running odx snsztnx3 m v22hhmdmy60m(i9u1,,n 110 V draws how much current?

  What is the nominal resistance of a 1swb4g+v 8mtt .5s ,ftq00-W light bulb designed to be used in a 120-Vsq 5,+t t4wmgt. vb8sf circuit?

  A toaster is rated 800 W at 120 V. What is the rx x) (s2n+ n8-yik(wmtm8je a;m +cvzeesistance of its heating element?w2nmymc-v; x a(ix8jzsek+m8+) t(en

  A 200-W resistor is r/r4*nfao.n t /s juhr,ated at $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum current it can draw?

  A 200-W resistor is rate-thxn ;-h v:zud at $1/4 \; \Omega$. What is the maximum voltage?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bulb. If it is used at 120 V, whax1 y qvodsifl22 ls 8)+gyz6mxly2d3)t current does it draw?

  A lamp uses a 150-W bulb. If it is used at 120 V, what is its resiwcn,xdcf mve*9 ; e9oq62f 4bsstance?

  A 25-W soldering iron runs on 110erwl2 v7 5)f0n yuzb:t V. What is its resistance?

  How much does it cosvs en, 1smwex,+d 07iik* 8soat to operate a 25-W soldering iron for 8.0 hours, if energy c+sn x,msvd oe071awsik8ie*,osts $0.08/kWh?

  How much energy does a 100-W light1vkusn. hy0ju7( ktr9/ h sb:o bulb use in 8.0 hours?

  A 1500-W heater is connected to a 120-V line for 2.0 hours. How much l(q dg5 peusn;:;q1icheat energy q gi l p5(sq1;;:uedcnis produced?

  A battery is rated at 12 V and 160 A-h. How much energy does da6 3jz(u db:, a2kahbthe battery store?ad3 u k6hd,2( b:abajz

  How much energy does a 25-W solderingpgmjwh 8pj; :o(.w 9pcnpb-)t iron use in 8.0 hours?

  A 100-W driveway light bulb is on 10 hours per day. Assuming the power company cnt c 5e(18vo ckca,zf 0)t+ohiharges 10 cents for each kilowatt-hour of electricity used, estimate the annual cost to operate )oov kc(5 + at 1inf0cc,z8eththe bulb.

  A 400-W computer (computer plus monitor) is turned on 8.3o97e f-ma lswo5 2x(ujp3vr s0 hours per day. If electricity costs 10 cents per kWh, how2v9p (omoafl-e3jxs3sur5w 7 much does it cost to run the computer annually?

  The monthly (30 days) electri7l8cm67tgf sv c bill included the cost of running a central air-conditioning unit for 2.0 hr/day at 5000 W, and a series connection of ten 60 W light bulbs for 5.0 hr/day. How much did these items contribute to the cos6gt7c7sf 8lmv t of the monthly electric bill if electricity costs 8.0 cents per kWh?

  The heating element in an electric drier operates on 240 V and generates9aw but3 j- pvtoud-+9 heat at the rate of 2.1 kW. The heating element shorts out and, in repairing it, the owner shortens the Nichrome wire by 10%. (Assume the temperature is unchanged. In reality, the resistivity of the wire will depend on its temperature.) What eu otj9 uda+b-t3w 9vp-ffect will the repair have on the power dissipated in the heating element?

  14 A of current flows t rd8imy48mk2 ql,oyz:64 txhnhrough $8.0 \; \Omega$ resistor for 24 hours. How much does this cost if energy costs $0.09/kWh?

  A 9.0-V battery costi/y/2 7 cvyrbfs $1.49, and will run a portable CD player for 6.0 hours. Suppose the battery supplies a current of 25 mA to the player. What is the cost of energy in dollars per kWh?

  A motor that can do work at the rate of 2.0 hp has 60%b +,u58df/q;-pyp h: qekcj wp efficiency. How much current does it draw from a 120-V lip:pbh k/8j5wf;,peq-q+d u ycne? ($1 \; hp = 746 \; W$)

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power source. What fqi5 nv5 vqo+p5 42dhwrms current flows through this devic55 nvohi2qwpf dqv+5 4e?

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power source. What peak current flooxf5 .awa+f; enkq y8td59l*ows tn*ef.yft wk ao+axd l; qo9855hrough this device?

  A 500-W device is connected to a 120-V ac power source. What is thedy.mt61r.vctfuf 2 /k peak voltage across this c vu.yt.1t rmk/d 26ffdevice?

  The diameter of a copp03l78rmds) ski s f7.uy).;tsg lyk cser wire is 0.081 inch. The maximum safe current it can carry (in or7)u.r3ksy0cst7sfgl y.sl8md;i) ks der to prevent fire danger in building construction) is 20 A. At this current, what is the drift velocity of the electrons? (The number of electron carriers in one cubic centimeter of copper is $8.5 \times 10^{22}$.)